Table 4. Socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with adverse outcome of HIV positive children (age<15 years) [N = 1159] at Mingalardon Specialist Hospital from 2006 to 2016.
| Variable | Number (N) |
Adverse outcome | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | Unadjusted HR | 95% CI | P-Value | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | P-value | ||
| Age | |||||||||
| <1 years | 83 | 14 | 16.9 | 2.31 | (1.25–4.27) | 0.007 | 1.8 | (0.94–3.38) | 0.076 |
| 1–5 years | 397 | 36 | 9.1 | 1.14 | (0.72–1.80) | 0.563 | 1.4 | (0.87–2.26) | 0.158 |
| 5–10 years | 482 | 40 | 8.3 | Reference | |||||
| >10–15 years | 197 | 22 | 11.2 | 1.47 | (0.87–2.49) | 0.145 | 1.4 | (0.78–2.31) | 0.272 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 610 | 58 | 9.5 | 0.93 | (0.64–1.35) | 0.710 | 0.9 | (0.63–1.36) | 0.73 |
| Female | 549 | 54 | 9.8 | Reference | |||||
| Permanent Address | |||||||||
| Urban | 965 | 88 | 9.1 | Reference | |||||
| Rural | 194 | 24 | 12.4 | 1.46 | (0.92–2.32) | 0.104 | 1.1 | (0.67–1.79) | 0.693 |
| Entry point of care | |||||||||
| Out-patient | 906 | 62 | 6.8 | Reference | |||||
| In-patient | 228 | 46 | 20.2 | 3.62 | (2.45–5.34) | <0.001 | 2.6 | (1.68–4.06) | <0.001 |
| Others | 18 | 1 | 5.6 | 0.76 | (0.10–5.49) | 0.788 | 0.7 | (0.09–5.21) | 0.729 |
| Unknown | 7 | 3 | 42.9 | 9.36 | (2.93–29.87) | <0.001 | 7.1 | (1.96–25.88) | 0.003 |
| WHO Staging | |||||||||
| Stage 1 | 231 | 12 | 5.2 | Reference | |||||
| Stage 2 | 109 | 11 | 10.1 | 1.79 | (0.79–4.07) | 0.161 | 1.4 | (0.59–3.26) | 0.446 |
| Stage 3 | 623 | 59 | 9.5 | 1.53 | (0.82–2.87) | 0.177 | 1.0 | (0.47–2.18) | 0.966 |
| Stage 4 | 196 | 30 | 15.3 | 2.4 | (1.22–4.73) | 0.011 | 1.3 | (0.53–2.91) | 0.603 |
| CD4 Count baseline | |||||||||
| <50 cells/mm3 | 199 | 34 | 17.1 | 2.52 | (1.50–4.24) | <0.001 | 2.3 | (1.27–4.06) | 0.005 |
| 50–200 cells/mm3 | 246 | 24 | 9.8 | 1.45 | (0.83–2.54) | 0.191 | 1.3 | (0.74–2.45) | 0.326 |
| 201–350 cells/mm3 | 147 | 11 | 7.5 | 1.09 | (0.54–2.23) | 0.794 | 1.2 | (0.58–2.48) | 0.616 |
| 351–500 cells/mm3 | 120 | 5 | 4.2 | 0.6 | (0.23–1.57) | 0.299 | 0.7 | (0.26–1.83) | 0.467 |
| >500 cells/mm3 | 384 | 26 | 6.8 | Reference | |||||
| Missing | 63 | 12 | 19.0 | 3.06 | (1.54–6.10) | 0.001 | 2.3 | (1.09–4.84) | 0.028 |
| ART Guideline | |||||||||
| Guideline 2005 | 39 | 8 | 20.5 | 3.99 | (1.54–10.31) | 0.004 | 2.8 | (0.99–8.02) | 0.05 |
| Guideline 2007 | 221 | 11 | 5.0 | Reference | |||||
| Guideline 2011 | 477 | 59 | 12.4 | 2.97 | (1.54–5.72) | 0.001 | 2.1 | (1.06–4.23) | 0.033 |
| Guideline 2014 | 422 | 34 | 8.1 | 2.54 | (1.25–5.14) | 0.009 | 1.8 | (0.79–3.87) | 0.166 |
| TB at enrollment | |||||||||
| Yes | 674 | 77 | 11.4 | 1.46 | (0.97–2.18) | 0.064 | 1.2 | (0.66–1.93) | 0.591 |
| No | 485 | 35 | 7.2 | Reference | |||||
| Prophylaxis for OI | |||||||||
| Yes | 960 | 94 | 9.8 | 0.99 | (0.59–1.64) | 0.978 | 1.1 | (0.61–1.82) | 0.843 |
| No | 199 | 18 | 9.0 | Reference | |||||
| Regime of ART patients | |||||||||
| NNRTI based regime | 1092 | 109 | 10.0 | Reference | |||||
| PI based regime | 67 | 3 | 4.5 | 0.27 | (0.06–1.11) | 0.093 | 0.2 | (0.05–0.95) | 0.043 |
HR = Hazard ratios; CD4 = CD4 +T lymphocyte count; ART = Anti-retroviral therapy; OI = Opportunistic infection; NNRTI = Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; PI = Protease Inhibitor.