Table 1. CEAP comprehensive classification system for chronic venous disorders.

Clinical	Etiologic	Anatomic	Pathophysiologic
C0—No visible or palpable signs of venous disease	C—Congenital	S—Superficial veins	R—reflux (insufficiency)
C1—Telangiectasias or reticular veins	P—Primary	D—Deep veins	O—Obstruction
C2—Varicose veins	S—Secondary (postthrombotic	P—Perforator veins
C3—Edema
C4a—Pigmentation or eczema
C4b—Lipodermatosclerosis or atrophie blanche
C5—Healed venous ulcer
C6—Active venous ulcer