Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for Spanish and English early literacy skills
| Variable | Standard Scores | Raw Scores | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Time 1 | Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | |||||
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |
| Age | 51.55 | (4.67) | 55.73 | (4.62) | 58.13 | (4.57) | ||
| Nonverbal | 43.37 | (7.52) | ||||||
|
| ||||||||
| English | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Rec Lang | 75.92 | (15.10) | ||||||
| Exp Lang | 70.48 | (18.48) | 33.93 | (16.25) | 41.88 | (9.87) | 45.81 | (9.80) |
| Blending | 9.75 | (4.16) | 11.54 | (4.12) | 12.01 | (4.12) | ||
| Elision | 5.14 | (2.09) | 6.04 | (2.18) | 6.34 | (2.51) | ||
| 7.76 | (4.52) | 12.42 | (6.55) | 14.34 | (7.13) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| Spanish | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Rec Lang | 82.77 | (14.55) | ||||||
| Exp Lang | 84.46 | (17.46) | 37.34 | (10.40) | 46.41 | (7.76) | 49.80 | (7.33) |
| Blending | 10.34 | (3.55) | 11.37 | (3.43) | 11.52 | (3.33) | ||
| Elision | 5.24 | (1.73) | 5.54 | (1.85) | 5.79 | (1.95) | ||
| 7.50 | (3.57) | 9.16 | (4.28) | 11.23 | (5.06) | |||
Note. Nonverbal = Nonverbal cognitive ability. Rec Lang = Receptive language. Exp Lang = Expressive language.