Fig. 4.

USP14 inhibition or silencing suppresses the proliferation of AR⁺ breast tumor cells. a–f MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, MDA-MB-468, HCC1937, and T47D cells were exposed to USP14 shRNA daily for up to 5 days. g–i MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231, and MCF7 cells were exposed to IU1 for 1, 3, and 5 days. Cell viability was detected using MTS assay. Error bars correspond to 95% CI of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. each vehicle control. j Colony formation assay was performed in the indicated breast cancer cells stably expressing control shRNA or USP14 shRNA for 2 weeks; representative images are shown. k Colony formation assay was performed in the indicated breast cancer cells exposed to IU1 for 2 weeks; representative images are shown