Table 1. Description of the 13 selected functional modules.

Group	GO ID	Ontology	Term	Background	Sample (FBgn)	Sample (genes)	Enrichment (P-value)	Degree	Overlap	Genes with significant ${\text{H}}_{\text{m}}^2$	Median ${\text{H}}_{\text{m}}^2$	Median ${\text{H}}_{\text{g}}^2$
Chorion	GO:0005213	MF	Structural constituent of chorion	8	8	9	0.0011	1	0	3	0.0016	0.0000*
Amino A	GO:0000096	BP	Sulfur amino acid metabolic process	14	9	10	0.0222	12	0	4	0.0014	0.4453
NeuroT	GO:0030594	MF	Neurotransmitter receptor activity	29	15	15	0.0245	10	0	5	0.0016	0.3840
GT	GO:0015020	MF	Glucuronosyltransferase activity	25	15	17	0.0049	17	0	10	0.0018	0.6255*
Pro-DNA	GO:0065004	BP	Protein–DNA complex assembly	35	18	20	0.0086	15	0	2	0.0009	0.3198
Bacterium	GO:0009617	BP	Response to bacterium	51	25	30	0.0033	7	4	15	0.0025	0.4621
Chitin	GO:0008061	MF	Chitin binding	47	28	32	0.0001	2	0	10	0.0013	0.4438
Sensory	GO:0007606	BP	Sensory perception of chemical stimulus	62	32	32	0.0002	5	1	10	0.0013	0.5777
Ion Tsp	GO:0030001	BP	Metal ion transport	91	35	39	0.0373	12	2	10	0.0007	0.3364
Heme	GO:0020037	MF	Heme binding	99	43	49	0.0037	2	1	24	0.0017	0.5043*
Cuticle	GO:0042302	MF	Structural constituent of cuticle	59	43	49	< 0.0001	3	0	21	0.0014	0.5022
Cell Fate	GO:0045165	BP	Cell fate commitment	133	59	65	0.0001	44	2	11	0.0009	0.2568*
Endopep	GO:0004252	MF	Serine-type endopeptidase activity	143	62	73	0.0004	7	3	31	0.0013	0.6143***
Genes included in functional groups					386	434				156	0.0013*	0.4469***
Biological background: genes with nonzero mutational variance that were not assigned to any of the 13 functional groups					2397	2951				879	0.0011	0.3841

MF and BP describes whether the GO term is a Molecular Function or a Biological Process. Background is the count of all 8978 genes associated with FlyBase Gene IDs recognized by DAVID that are associated with the corresponding GO term. Sample (FBgn) is the number of genes that are associated with the GO term and have H_m ²> 0 when considering D. melanogaster FlyBase Gene IDs. Sample (genes) is the corresponding number of genes on the microarray; when multiple genes within the functional module correspond to the same D. melanogaster homolog, the total number of genes in the functional module, listed under Sample (genes), is larger than the number of FlyBase Gen IDs, listed under Sample (FBgn). Enrichment (P-value) is the P-value of enrichment for this term. Degree is the number of other GO terms to which a GO term relates, according to the GO term topology as revealed in Directed Acyclic Graphs. Overlap is the number of genes that can also be found in at least one other functional module. Genes with significant H_m ² show the number of genes in the group with significant H_m ²(P-value). Median H_m ²and H_g ² show the median mutational and broad-sense heritability, respectively, for the sampled genes of the group; median H_m ² is calculated only for the genes that had nonzero mutational variance. Level of significance (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001) given by the median P-value of 1000 Mann–Whitney tests comparing the univariate variances of the genes of the groups to the same number genes, randomly chosen among those that were not included in any functional module. GO, gene ontology; ID, identifier; MF, molecular function; BP, biological process; DAVID, the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery.