Table 3.
Univariate logistic regressions for predictors of death during the initial hospitalization, 30 days and 1 year after injury for patients with cervical spine fractures
| Index | 30 days | 1 year | |||||||
| OR | P values | 95% CI | OR | P values | 95% CI | OR | P values | 95% CI | |
| Complication | 3.86 | 0.00 | 3.38 to 4.40 | 2.89 | 0.00 | 2.58 to 3.25 | 2.67 | 0.00 | 2.41 to 2.94 |
| Intervention (referent: cervical collar) | |||||||||
| Halo | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.57 to 0.84 | 0.65 | 0.00 | 0.55 to 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.00 | 0.73 to 0.93 |
| Surgery | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.43 to 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.33 to 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.47 to 0.63 |
| Intervention (referent: no intervention) | |||||||||
| Tracheostomy | 2.31 | 0.00 | 1.81 to 2.96 | 0.82 | 0.17 | 0.61 to 1.09 | 2.12 | 0.00 | 1.75 to 2.58 |
| Gastrostomy | 1.63 | 0.00 | 1.22 to 2.17 | 0.91 | 0.54 | 0.68 to 1.23 | 2.70 | 0.00 | 2.20 to 3.30 |
| Age groups (referent: 65–74) | |||||||||
| 75–84 | 1.73 | 0.00 | 1.43 to 2.08 | 2.11 | 0.00 | 1.78 to 2.49 | 2.07 | 0.00 | 1.83 to 2.34 |
| 85–94 | 2.65 | 0.00 | 2.20 to 3.19 | 3.88 | 0.00 | 3.28 to 4.59 | 3.92 | 0.00 | 3.47 to 4.44 |
| >95 | 2.76 | 0.00 | 1.96 to 3.89 | 5.95 | 0.00 | 4.51 to 7.83 | 6.18 | 0.00 | 4.88 to 7.83 |
| Female | 0.61 | 0.00 | 0.54 to 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.00 | 0.65 to 0.81 | 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.69 to 0.81 |
| Polytrauma | 1.42 | 0.00 | 1.23 to 1.63 | 1.22 | 0.00 | 1.09 to 1.37 | 0.96 | 0.32 | 0.88 to 1.04 |
| TBI | 2.95 | 0.00 | 2.53 to 3.43 | 2.16 | 0.00 | 1.87 to 2.48 | 1.59 | 0.00 | 1.41 to 1.80 |
| Falls (referent: all non-fall mechanisms) | |||||||||
| Fall from height | 0.94 | 0.38 | 0.82 to 1.08 | 1.32 | 0.00 | 1.17 to 1.49 | 1.60 | 0.00 | 1.46 to 1.15 |
| Same level fall | 1.04 | 0.67 | 0.87 to 1.24 | 1.29 | 0.00 | 1.11 to 1.50 | 1.30 | 0.00 | 1.15 to 1.46 |
| Traditional survival risk ratio (referent: 0–0.24) | |||||||||
| 0.25–0.49 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.12 to 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.11 to 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.11 to 0.31 |
| 0.5–0.75 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.04 to 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.05 to 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.05 to 0.14 |
| 0.75–1 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.02 to 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.04 to 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.06 to 0.14 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Dysphagia | 1.30 | 0.03 | 1.02 to 1.65 | 1.53 | 0.00 | 1.26 to 1.87 | 1.78 | 0.00 | 1.52 to 2.09 |
| Dementia | 1.02 | 0.91 | 0.69 to 1.52 | 1.45 | 0.02 | 1.07 to 1.96 | 1.96 | 0.00 | 1.54 to 2.50 |
| Obesity | 0.64 | 0.07 | 0.39 to 1.04 | 0.63 | 0.03 | 0.42 to 0.95 | 0.65 | 0.01 | 0.48 to 0.88 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)* (referent: 0) | |||||||||
| CCI=1 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 1.14 to 1.55 | 1.41 | 0.00 | 1.24 to 1.61 | 1.64 | 0.00 | 1.49 to 1.82 |
| CCI≥2 | 2.07 | 0.00 | 1.79 to 2.41 | 2.36 | 0.00 | 2.08 to 2.69 | 2.91 | 0.00 | 2.63 to 3.23 |
| Race (referent: white) | |||||||||
| Blacks | 0.79 | 0.29 | 0.51 to 1.22 | 0.66 | 0.03 | 0.45 to 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.81 | 0.75 to 1.25 |
| Hispanics | 1.12 | 0.31 | 0.90 to 1.39 | 0.90 | 0.28 | 0.74 to 1.09 | 0.86 | 0.05 | 0.74 to 1.00 |
| Asians | 0.97 | 0.84 | 0.73 to 1.29 | 0.76 | 0.04 | 0.59 to 0.98 | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.57 to 0.84 |
| Indian/others | 1.02 | 0.92 | 0.67 to 1.57 | 0.82 | 0.31 | 0.56 to 1.20 | 0.64 | 0.01 | 0.47 to 0.87 |
| Trauma center | 1.17 | 0.02 | 1.03 to 1.32 | 0.95 | 0.31 | 0.85 to 1.05 | 0.85 | 0.00 | 0.78 to 0.93 |
*CCI correlated 1 year risk of mortality: 0=8%, 1=25%, 2=48%, 3=59%.