TABLE IV. Latin American studies on the antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii clinical isolates: methodology, epidemiological cut-off values (ECV), susceptibility patterns, resistance and heteroresistance results.
| Country | Comment | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Susceptibility data for FCZ and AmB for C. neoformans isolates from HIV-positive patients | Arechavala et al. (2009) |
| Correlation of ETest and Neo-Sensitabs diffusion assays with broth microdilution reference method (CLSI-M27-A2) for testing susceptibility of C. neoformans to AmB and FCZ | Ochiuzzi et al. (2010) | |
| In vitro activity of AmB B by time-kill curve methodology | Córdoba et al. (2011) | |
| International study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for FCZ, ITZ, PCZ, and VCZ. Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Mexico | Espinel-Ingroff et al. (2012a) | |
| Comparison of different in vitro tests to detect C. neoformans not susceptible to AmB | Córdoba et al. (2015) | |
| Susceptibility profile and epidemiological cut-off values of C. neoformans species complex from Argentina | Córdoba et al. (2016) | |
| C. neoformans lanosterol 14-α-demethylase involved in fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates | Bosco-Borgeat et al. (2016) | |
| Brazil | An international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for AmB and 5FC in C. neoformans and C. gattii | Espinel-Ingroff et al. (2012a) |
| Susceptibility to antifungal agents and genotypes of Brazilian clinical and environmental C. gattii strains | Silva et al. (2012) | |
| Microbiological characteristics of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus spp. in Bahia, Brazil: molecular types and antifungal susceptibilities | Matos et al. (2012) | |
| Environmental isolation, biochemical identification, and antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp. | Teodoro et al. (2013) | |
| Susceptibility profile of clinical and environmental isolates of C. neoformans and C. gattii | Andrade-Silva et al. (2013) | |
| A flow cytometry method for testing the susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp. to AmB | Benaducci et al. (2015) | |
| In vitro susceptibility testing of AmB for C. neoformans variety grubii AFLP1/VNI and C. gattii AFLP6/VGII by CLSI and flow cytometry | Morales et al. (2015) | |
| Heteroresistance to ITZ and changes in the morphology and virulence of C. gattii | Ferreira et al. (2015) | |
| Antifungal susceptibility of clinical C. deuterogattii (AFLP6/VGII) isolates from Southern Brazil | Herkert et al. (2016) | |
| Resistance to FCZ and changes on virulence and morphological aspects of C. neoformans and C. gattii | Rossi et al. (2016) | |
| Antifungal susceptibility testing and genotyping characterization of C. neoformans and C. gattii isolates from HIV-infected patients | Figueiredo et al. (2016) | |
| Evaluation of antifungal combination against Cryptococcus spp. | Reichert-Lima et al. (2016) | |
| C. neoformans and C. gattii isolates from both HIV-infected and uninfected patients: antifungal susceptibility and outcome of cryptococcal disease | Nascimento et al. (2017) | |
| FCZ non-susceptible C. neoformans. Use of LAmB in AIDS patient | Santana et al. (2017) | |
| FCZ levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid | Schiave et al. (2018) | |
| Time-kill curves studies with AmB against C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex clinical isolates | de Oliveira et al. (2017) | |
| Heteroresistance to FCZ in clinical and environmental strains of C. neoformans and C. gattii | Feliciano et al. (2017) | |
| Cuba | C. neoformans, FCZ susceptibility | Fernández-Andreu et al. (1999) |
| New azoles and C. neoformans Cuban clinical isolates | Illnait-Zaragozi et al. (2008) | |
| FCZ, VCZ susceptibility of Cuban isolates | Illnait-Zaragozi et al. (2009) | |
| Venezuela | A review of C. neoformans ECVs | Ferrara et al. (2017) |
AmB: amphotericin B; FCZ: fluconazole; ITZ: itraconazole; PCZ: posaconazole; VCZ: voriconazole.