TABLE 3—
Bivariate Associations Between Individual Characteristics and Opinions About Health Disparities of Respondents in the Health Commissioner Sample: United States, 2016
| Strongly Agree That Health Disparities Exist in Their City (Yes) |
Believe That Health Disparities in Their City Are Very Avoidable (Yes) |
Believe That Health Disparities in Their City Are Very Unfair (Yes) |
Believe That City Policies Can Have a Major Impact on Health Disparities in Their City (Yes) |
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| Characteristic and Opinion | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) |
| Individual characteristics | ||||||||
| Time in professional position, y | ||||||||
| < 3 | 61.1 | 1 (Ref) | 38.9 | 1 (Ref) | 58.9 | 1 (Ref) | 46.3 | 1 (Ref) |
| ≥ 3 | 61.2 | 1.02 (0.62, 1.68) | 32.5 | 0.77 (0.46, 1.27) | 49.5 | 0.69 (0.42, 1.12) | 43.7 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.47) |
| Highest education level | ||||||||
| College or less | 46.8 | 1 (Ref) | 17.0 | 1 (Ref) | 40.4 | 1 (Ref) | 27.7 | 1 (Ref) |
| Master’s degree | 56.6 | 1.48 (0.78, 2.84) | 34.3 | 2.48 (1.09, 5.68) | 49.4 | 1.46 (0.75, 2.81) | 38.6 | 1.64 (0.81, 3.34) |
| Doctoral degree | 77.3 | 4.07 (1.89, 8.75) | 44.3 | 3.86 (1.61, 9.23) | 64.8 | 3.00 (1.44, 6.27) | 64.8 | 4.81 (2.22, 10.43) |
| Social ideology | ||||||||
| Conservative | 34.1 | 1 (Ref) | 15.9 | 1 (Ref) | 22.7 | 1 (Ref) | 13.6 | 1 (Ref) |
| Moderate | 50.6 | 2.04 (0.95, 4.38) | 20.3 | 1.39 (0.52, 3.69) | 39.2 | 2.34 (1.01, 5.43) | 39.2 | 4.09 (1.55, 10.81) |
| Liberal | 72.5 | 5.09 (2.52, 10.30) | 45.5 | 4.41 (1.87, 10.43) | 65.7 | 6.63 (3.07, 14.33) | 54.5 | 7.58 (3.05, 18.85) |
| Fiscal ideology | ||||||||
| Conservative | 50.8 | 1 (Ref) | 27.9 | 1 (Ref) | 33.6 | 1 (Ref) | 33.6 | 1 (Ref) |
| Moderate | 65.7 | 1.91 (1.10, 3.30) | 35.4 | 1.42 (0.80, 2.52) | 61.6 | 3.27 (1.87, 5.71) | 50.5 | 2.02 (1.17, 3.47) |
| Liberal | 71.3 | 2.40 (1.32, 4.37) | 43.8 | 1.99 (1.10, 3.60) | 70.0 | 4.50 (2.45, 8.27) | 53.8 | 2.30 (1.29, 4.09) |
| Opinions about health disparities | ||||||||
| Strongly agree that health disparities exist in their city | ||||||||
| No | . . | . . | 20.7 | 1 (Ref) | 29.3 | 1 (Ref) | 26.7 | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | . . | . . | 43.5 | 2.92 (1.71, 4.98) | 67.4 | 5.09 (3.07, 8.46) | 56.0 | 3.49 (2.11, 5.77) |
| Believe that health disparities in their city are very avoidable | ||||||||
| No | 53.3 | 1 (Ref) | . . | . . | 40.5 | 1 (Ref) | 34.9 | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 76.9 | 2.92 (1.71, 4.98) | . . | . . | 76.0 | 5.00 (2.90, 8.63) | 63.5 | 3.24 (1.98, 5.33) |
| Believe that health disparities in their city are very unfair | ||||||||
| No | 41.7 | 1 (Ref) | 16.5 | 1 (Ref) | . . | . . | 27.3 | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 78.5 | 5.09 (3.07, 8.46) | 50.0 | 5.00 (2.90, 8.63) | . . | . . | 58.9 | 3.80 (2.33, 6.20) |
| Believe that city policies can have a major impact on health disparities in their city | ||||||||
| No | 48.5 | 1 (Ref) | 22.8 | 1 (Ref) | 38.9 | 1 (Ref) | . . | . . |
| Yes | 76.9 | 3.49 (2.11, 5.77) | 49.3 | 3.24 (1.98, 5.33) | 69.4 | 3.80 (2.33, 6.20) | . . | . . |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. Respondents n = 305.