TABLE 1—
Communities That Care Prevention System Effects on Health-Risking Behaviors Through Age 21 Years, Community Youth Development Study: United States, 2004–2014
| Main Effects Model (No Gender Interaction Term) |
|||||
| Health-Risking Behavior | CTC Adjusted Prevalence, %a | Control Adjusted Prevalence, %a | t | ARR (95% CI) | Models Including CTC × Gender Interaction, t (95% CI) |
| Sustained abstinenceb | |||||
| Any substance use | 8.1 | 6.1 | 1.55 | 1.33 (0.89, 2.01) | 1.03 (0.72, 2.30) |
| Gateway substance use | 10.1 | 6.7 | 2.44 | 1.49 (1.03, 2.16) | 0.54 (0.65, 1.96) |
| Alcohol use | 11.7 | 8.2 | 2.05 | 1.43 (0.96, 2.13) | 0.57 (0.69, 1.84) |
| Binge drinking | 18.8 | 16.8 | 0.80 | 1.12 (0.81, 1.56) | 1.16 (0.85, 1.62) |
| Tobacco use | 34.5 | 29.4 | 1.99 | 1.17 (0.98, 1.41) | 1.92 (0.95, 1.62) |
| Marijuana use | 36.4 | 32.4 | 2.23 | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | 1.92 (0.95, 1.58) |
| Antisocial behavior | 33.9 | 28.8 | 2.50 | 1.18 (1.02, 1.37) | 1.67 (0.91, 1.70) |
| Lifetime incidencec | |||||
| Smokeless tobacco use | 42.8 | 44.4 | −0.45 | 0.97 (0.81, 1.15) | −1.50 (0.68, 1.09) |
| Nonmedical prescription drug use | 34.6 | 35.8 | −0.66 | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) | −1.77 (0.65, 1.06) |
| Inhalant use | 27.8 | 31.9 | −2.18 | 0.87 (0.76, 1.01) | −1.05 (0.64, 1.19) |
| LSD use | 16.3 | 16.8 | 0.37 | 0.97 (0.81, 1.16) | −1.61 (0.55, 1.12) |
| MDMA use | 17.7 | 16.0 | −0.37 | 1.11 (0.89, 1.38) | −1.75 (0.52, 1.10) |
| Cocaine use | 14.5 | 13.9 | 1.06 | 1.04 (0.83, 1.30) | −1.28 (0.55, 1.19) |
| Stimulant use | 7.9 | 8.1 | −0.21 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.25) | −0.23 (0.56, 1.62) |
| Other drug use | 28.8 | 28.8 | −0.28 | 0.98 (0.86, 1.13) | −2.44 (0.58, 0.99) |
| Violence | 36.7 | 41.4 | −2.27 | 0.89 (0.79, 0.99) | −0.74 (0.72, 1.19) |
Note. ARR = adjusted risk ratio; CI = confidence interval; CTC = Communities That Care; LSD = lysergic acid diethylamide; MDMA = ecstasy.
Population average results from generalized linear mixed Poisson regression analyses of those who had not initiated the outcome at baseline. Baseline noninitiators ranged from n = 3157 for any drug use to n = 4383 for marijuana. Regression models adjusted for individual (gender, race/ethnicity, parental education, baseline rebelliousness, baseline attendance at religious services) and community characteristics (baseline school district enrollment, percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price school lunch).
Percentages reflect the proportion of the sample who never reported the behavior in any data collection wave between grade 5 baseline and age 21 years.
Percentages reflect the proportion of the sample who reported using the substance or engaging in the behavior in at least 1 wave between grade 5 baseline and age 21 years.