TABLE 2—
Communities That Care Prevention System Effects on Health-Risking Behaviors Among Male and Female Participants Through Age 21 Years, Community Youth Development Study: United States, 2004–2014
| Male Participants |
Female Participants |
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| Health-Risking Behavior | CTC Adjusted Prevalence, %a | Control Adjusted Prevalence, %a | t | ARR (95% CI) | CTC Adjusted Prevalence, %a | Control Adjusted Prevalence, %a | t | ARR (95% CI) |
| Sustained abstinenceb | ||||||||
| Any substance use | 8.2 | 5.3 | 2.18 | 1.57 (0.98, 2.50) | 7.3 | 6.3 | 0.50 | 1.17 (0.58, 2.34) |
| Gateway substance use | 10.2 | 6.1 | 2.52 | 1.66 (1.05, 2.62) | 10.2 | 7.6 | 1.67 | 1.35 (0.90, 2.03) |
| Alcohol use | 12.9 | 7.9 | 1.95 | 1.64 (0.92, 2.90) | 11.2 | 8.7 | 1.69 | 1.30 (0.92, 1.83) |
| Binge drinking | 18.6 | 14.7 | 1.32 | 1.27 (0.84, 1.92) | 20.0 | 19.1 | 0.34 | 1.05 (0.77, 1.42) |
| Tobacco use | 34.7 | 26.7 | 3.07 | 1.30 (1.07, 1.58) | 34.7 | 31.9 | 0.89 | 1.09 (0.88, 1.34) |
| Marijuana use | 35.9 | 29.1 | 2.59 | 1.24 (1.03, 1.49) | 36.6 | 35.6 | 0.43 | 1.03 (0.88, 1.21) |
| Antisocial behavior | 28.9 | 21.7 | 2.53 | 1.33 (1.03, 1.72) | 39.2 | 35.5 | 1.50 | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) |
| Lifetime incidencec | ||||||||
| Smokeless tobacco use | 52.7 | 57.5 | −1.06 | 0.92 (0.76, 1.10) | 34.0 | 33.4 | 0.20 | 1.02 (0.89, 1.25) |
| Nonmedical prescription drug use | 31.8 | 36.3 | −1.90 | 0.88 (0.75, 1.03) | 37.8 | 35.4 | 0.91 | 1.07 (0.91, 1.26) |
| Inhalant use | 26.3 | 32.0 | −2.54 | 0.82 (0.69, 0.98) | 29.3 | 32.2 | −0.97 | 0.91 (0.73, 1.13) |
| LSD use | 16.7 | 19.5 | −0.53 | 0.86 (0.68, 1.08) | 15.8 | 14.2 | 0.89 | 1.11 (0.86, 1.42) |
| MDMA use | 16.4 | 17.0 | −1.53 | 0.96 (0.76, 1.22) | 18.9 | 14.9 | 0.92 | 1.27 (0.95, 1.70) |
| Cocaine use | 14.0 | 14.9 | −0.38 | 0.94 (0.72, 1.23) | 14.5 | 13.0 | 1.86 | 1.12 (0.84, 1.47) |
| Stimulant use | 7.8 | 7.9 | −0.07 | 0.99 (0.71, 1.39) | 8.0 | 8.1 | −0.09 | 0.99 (0.69, 1.40) |
| Other drug use | 27.5 | 31.5 | −1.85 | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 30.2 | 26.8 | 1.20 | 1.13 (0.90, 1.42) |
| Violence | 47.8 | 55.9 | −2.81 | 0.86 (0.75, 0.97) | 28.3 | 30.5 | −0.86 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) |
Note. ARR = adjusted risk ratio; CI = confidence interval; CTC = Communities That Care; LSD = lysergic acid diethylamide; MDMA = ecstasy.
Population average results from generalized linear mixed Poisson regression analyses of those who had not initiated the outcome at baseline. Regression analyses were conducted on separate samples of male and female participants. For male participants, baseline noninitiators ranged from n = 1536 for any drug use to n = 2173 for marijuana. For female participants, baseline noninitiators ranged from n = 1621 for any drug use to n = 2210 for marijuana. Regression models adjusted for individual (gender, race/ethnicity, parental education, baseline rebelliousness, baseline attendance at religious services) and community characteristics (baseline school district enrollment, percentage eligible for free or reduced-price school lunch at baseline).
Percentages reflect the proportion of the sample who never reported the behavior in any data collection wave between grade 5 baseline and age 21 years.
Percentages reflect the proportion of the sample who reported using the substance or engaging in the behavior in at least 1 wave between grade 5 baseline and age 21 years.