Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Author | Recruitment | Primary Diagnosis | Intervention (n) | Control (n) | Depression Measure | Costs Measure | Follow‐Upb | Risk of Bias | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buntrock (2015) | General populationa | Depressive symptoms ≥16 CES‐D and no MDD based on DSM‐IV | CBT+CAU (202) | CAU+PE (204) | CES‐D | TiC‐P | 26, 52 | 8/8 | GER |
| Geraedts (2016) | Occupational setting | Depressive symptoms ≥16 CES‐D | CBT+PST (116) | CAU (115) | CES‐D | TiC‐P | 8, 26, 52 | 8/8 | NL |
| Kolovos (2016) | Specialized mental health care | MDD diagnosis based on DSM‐IV | PST+CAU (136) | Self‐help book+CAU (133) | CES‐D | TiC‐P | 8, 26, 52 | 8/8 | NL |
| Nobis (2016) | General population | Depressive symptoms ≥23 CES‐D and diabetes | CBT+CAU (129) | CAU+PE (128) | CES‐D | TiC‐P | 26 | 8/8 | GER |
| Warmerdam (2010) | General population | Depressive symptoms ≥16 CES‐D | PST (88); CBT (88) | WL (87) | CES‐D | TiC‐P | 5, 8 | 7/8 | NL |
CAU = care as usual; CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; CES‐D = Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression Scale; GER = Germany; MDD = major depressive disorder; NL = Netherlands; PE = psychoeducation; PST = problem solving therapy; TiC‐P = Trimbos and iMTA questionnaire on costs associated with psychiatric illness; WL = waiting list.
a
Participants with subclinical depression.
b
In weeks from baseline.