Table 2.
Cardiac structure and function in the control group and obese groups at baseline and 6 months after the bariatric surgery
| Baseline | Baseline | P | After surgery | After surgery | P | Time | Time15Group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Obese nT2D | Obese T2D | nT2D vs T2D | Obese nT2D | Obese T2D | nT2D vs T2D | |||
| Function | |||||||||
| EF, % | |||||||||
| LV | 66.8 (65.1‐68.6) | 68.1 (66.5‐69.6) | 70.2 (68.2‐72.3) | 0.22 | 66.7 (65.0‐68.4) | 67.3 (65.1‐69.5) | 0.92 | 0.013 | 0.39 |
| RV | 57.2 (55.0‐59.3) | 57.8 (55.8‐59.8) | 58.4 (56.5‐60.2) | 0.63 | 58.7 (56.5‐60.2) | 58.7 (56.3‐61.1) | 0.97 | 0.73 | 0.65 |
| SV, mL | |||||||||
| LV | 89.5 (82.6‐96.5) | 117.8 (111.4‐124.3)13 | 114.4 (105.9‐122.9)13 | 0.80 | 111.9 (104.5‐119.3)13 | 105.1 (95.5‐114.7)15 | 0.50 | 0.028 | 0.48 |
| RV | 80.3 (72.7‐87.9) | 107.3 (100.9‐113.6)13 | 96.4 (79.7‐113.1)13 | 0.70 | 109.3 (101.9‐116.7)13 | 100.3 (90.7‐19.9)14 | 0.31 | 0.06 | 0.37 |
| CO, mL/min | |||||||||
| LV | 5.2 (4.7‐5.7) | 6.9 (6.4‐7.4)13 | 6.6 (6.0‐7.2)13 | 0.50 | 6.1 (5.7‐6.6)15 | 5.9 (5.0‐6.2) | 0.34 | <0.001 | 0.18 |
| RV | 4.7 (4.3‐5.1) | 5.4 (5.1‐5.8)14 | 4.6 (3.7‐5.5)15 | 0.81 | 5.6 (5.2‐6.0)15 | 4.9 (4.4‐5.4) | 0.13 | <0.001 | 0.13 |
| LVwork, mm Hg /L/min | |||||||||
| 509 (446‐571) | 675 (614‐737) 14 | 696 (620‐771)13 | 0.91 | 575 (520‐629) | 555 (486‐625) | 0.90 | <0.001 | 0.15 | |
| LVwork per gram of tissue (mm Hg/ L/min/g) | |||||||||
| 6.46 (5.83‐7.09) | 6.21 (5.59‐6.83) | 6.48 (5.72‐7.24) | 0.85 | 5.91 (5.34‐6.48) | 5.49 (4.77‐6.21) | 0.63 | 0.002 | 0.038 | |
| Structure | |||||||||
| ED volume, mL | |||||||||
| LV | 134.0 (123.6‐144.3) | 173.3 (163.7‐182.9)13 | 163.8 (151.1‐176.5)14 | 0.46 | 167.4 (157.1‐177.8)13 | 156.1 (142.7‐169.5)15 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 0.55 |
| RV | 140.4 (129.9‐150.9) | 175.4 (165.6‐185.1)13 | 165.8 (152.9‐178.7)14 | 0.47 | 174.3 (163.9‐184.7)13 | 158.3 (144.9‐171.7) | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.17 |
| ES volume, mL | |||||||||
| LVa | 43.5 (40.0‐47.4) | 52.9 (49.3‐56.7)14 | 51.7 (42.9‐62.3) | 0.15 | 54.6 (50.3‐59.3)13 | 49.7 (44.7‐55.2) | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.93 |
| RV | 60.1 (54.3‐65.8) | 74.1 (68.8‐79.5)14 | 67.6 (60.5‐74.7) | 0.32 | 72.8 (67.6‐78.0)14 | 65.1 (58.4‐71.8) | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.42 |
| LVmass, ga | 78.3 (72.4‐84.7) | 106.7 (99.2‐114.8)13 | 106.4 (96.6‐117.2)13 | 1.00 | 95.9 (88.5‐103.9)14 | 99.6 (89.8‐110.4)14 | 0.83 | <0.001 | 0.48 |
| LVmass/height, g/m | 51.0 (33.4‐68.7) | 74.6 (65.6‐83.5)14 | 79.8 (56.1‐103.4)15 | 1.00 | 73.6 (63.1‐84.2) | 77.9 (64.2‐91.5)15 | 0.88 | <0.001 | 0.77 |
| LVmass/BSA, g/m2a | 45.6 (42.6‐48.7) | 48.5 (45.6‐51.6) | 48.6 (44.8‐52.8) | 1.00 | 46.0 (42.7‐49.6) | 47.6 (43.2‐52.4) | 0.76 | 0.07 | 0.60 |
BSA, body surface area; CO, cardiac output; ED, end‐diastolic; EF, ejection fraction; ES, end‐systolic; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; SV, stroke volume; T2D, type 2 diabetes; nT2D, without T2D.
LVwork, stroke volume × heart rate × (diastolic blood pressure + 1/3 × [systolic − diastolic blood pressure]).
LVwork per gram of tissue = LVwork/LVmass.
Data are mean and 95% confidence intervals. Statistically significant values are bolded.
***P < .001. **P < .01. *P < .05 compared with controls.
a
Non‐normally distributed variable.