Figure 3.

Metformin and C-DIM/NR4A1 ligands induce NR4A1 and Glut4 gene expression. C2C12 cells were treated with (A) DIM-C-pPhOH, (B) DIM-C-pPhOH-3-Cl, (C) DIM-C-pPhOH-3,5-Br₂, (D) DIM-C-pPhOH-3-Cl-5-OCH₃, and (E) metformin, and induction of NR4A1 and Glut4 mRNA was determined by real-time PCR. (F) Glut4 mRNA expression in muscle from mice maintained on an HFD was determined by real-time PCR as outlined in “Materials and Methods.” Results are expressed as means ± SE for at least three replicated determinations, and significant (P < 0.05) induction is indicated (*).