Role of AMPK in activation of GLUT4 and glycolytic genes. C2C12 cells were treated for 12 hours with AICAR alone (500 μM) or in combination with DIM-C-pPhOH-3-Cl-5-OCH3 or metformin, and effects on (A) NR4A1, GLUT4, PHKG1, and PFKM and (B) PYGM mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. Results are means ± SE (three replicates), and significant (P < 0.05) induction is indicated (*). (C) Cells were treated with AICAR, DIM-C-pPhOH-3-Cl-5-OCH3, and metformin (as described previously), and after 24 hours, whole cell lysates were analyzed in a western blot. Met, metformin.