Table 1.
Demographic, clinical characteristics and outcome of the whole study group, and according to CKD progression patterns
| Variable | Total | Unidentifiable | Linear | Nonlinear | Positive | Pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (%) | 915 | 213 (23) | 349 (38) | 215 (24) | 138 (15) | |
| Age, years (SD) | 65 (14) | 67 (13) | 63 (15) | 64 (14) | 70 (13) | <0.0001 |
| Sex, men (%) | 475 (52) | 118 (55) | 163 (47) | 114 (53) | 80 (58) | 0.073 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 29.5 (5.9) | 30.2 (6.1) | 29.3 (5.8) | 29.2 (5.9) | 29.6 (5.3) | 0.234 |
| Current smokers | 157 (17) | 33 (16) | 63 (18) | 42 (20) | 19 (14) | 0.461 |
| Comorbidity index (absence/mild-moderate/ severe) | 380 (41)/ 445 (49)/ 90 (10) | 67 (32)/ 118 (55)/ 28 (13) | 169 (48)/ 152 (44)/ 28 (8) | 101 (47)/ 100 (46)/ 14 (7) | 43 (31)/ 75 (54)/ 20 (15) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 330 (36) | 101 (47) | 112 (32) | 70 (33) | 47 (34) | 0.003 |
| Aetiology CKD | ||||||
| Unknown | 370 (40) | 81 (38) | 124 (35) | 91 (42) | 74 (53) | <0.0001 |
| Glomerulonephrities | 93 (10) | 15 (7) | 43 (12) | 24 (11) | 11 (8) | |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 206 (23) | 66 (31) | 81 (23) | 38 (18) | 21 (15) | |
| Interstitial | 110 (12) | 24 (11) | 40 (12) | 30 (14) | 16 (12) | |
| APKD | 71 (8) | 13 (6) | 41 (12) | 14 (6) | 3 (2) | |
| Ischaemic | 45 (5) | 10 (5) | 13 (4) | 10 (5) | 12 (9) | |
| Others | 20 (2) | 4 (2) | 7 (2) | 8 (4) | 1 (1) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 158 (27) | 162 (28) | 161 (27) | 155 (24) | 147 (25) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 87 (14) | 87 (14) | 89 (14) | 87 (14) | 81 (14) | <0.0001 |
| Baseline eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 14.7 (4.5) | 14.0 (4.4) | 15.1 (4.3) | 14.8 (4.8) | 14.6 (4.9) | 0.063 |
| Mean follow-up time, months | 23.2 (21.9) | 13.9 (14.3) | 22.8 (19.6) | 31.0 (25.5) | 26.8 (25.7) | <0.0001 |
| Number of samples (median, IQR) | 7 (5–11) | 5 (4–7) | 8 (5–12) | 10 (7–14) | 6 (4–10) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR slope, mL/min/1.73 m2/year | −3.35 (4.44) | −4.07 (4.41) | −5.26 (3.96) | −3.19 (2.62) | +2.36 (2.87) | <0.0001 |
| Hospitalization rate, days/year | 3.1 (6.7) | 6.3 (9.1) | 1.6 (4.5) | 1.6 (3.8) | 4.1 (8.2) | <0.0001 |
| Dialysis initiation | 583 (64) | 125 (59) | 271 (78) | 162 (75) | 25 (18) | <0.0001 |
| Death before dialysis initiation | 142 (16) | 41 (19) | 37 (11) | 30 (14) | 35 (25) | <0.0001 |
| Lost to follow-up | 14 (2) | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 9 (7) | <0.0001 |
a
ANOVA or chi-square inter-groups.