Table 3.

Effects of different photoperiod regimens on emergence, survivorship, and longevity of adult Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito.

Photoperiodic levels (light:dark hours)	No. of emergent imagines			Daily survivorship of imagines, %			Average post-emergence longevity, d*
	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Mean	Male	Female	Mean
0:24	23.00 ± 6.37cA	51.00 ± 9.24cB	74.00 ± 5.78c	78.12 ± 4.94cA	84.32 ± 1.24cA	82.04 ± 1.29c	16.07 ± 1.25cA	21.18 ± 0.96cB	19.54 ± 0.88c
6:18	28.38 ± 7.41cdA	55.25 ± 11.31cB	83.63 ± 7.85d	75.42 ± 4.81cA	81.67 ± 3.98cA	79.50 ± 3.85c	15.05 ± 1.28bcA	20.04 ± 2.34cB	18.42 ± 1.91c
12:12	30.50 ± 8.85dA	48.38 ± 8.63cB	78.88 ± 8.79cd	76.04 ± 2.62cA	81.38 ± 3.51cA	79.90 ± 2.39c	14.35 ± 2.13bA	17.53 ± 1.52bB	16.46 ± 1.55b
Control (13:11)	26.50 ± 6.95cdA	55.25 ± 5.63cB	81.75 ± 4.17d	77.01 ± 2.02cA	83.70 ± 1.79cA	81.12 ± 1.74c	13.45 ± 0.69bA	17.31 ± 0.64bB	16.09 ± 0.72b
18:6	14.88 ± 3.52bA	19.75 ± 5.23bB	34.63 ± 5.18b	66.12 ± 10.65bA	68.27 ± 8.07bA	66.58 ± 4.78b	8.40 ± 1.46aA	9.93 ± 2.27aB	9.41 ± 1.74a
24:0	5.25 ± 2.05aA	8.25 ± 2.38aB	13.50 ± 3.12a	51.69 ± 14.97aA	56.81 ± 12.88aA	51.50 ± 13.12a	7.16 ± 1.97aA	9.35 ± 1.71aB	8.58 ± 1.83a

Within a line, means (±SD) followed by same small letter for male and female are not significantly different at P < .05 according to Student t test analysis. Within a column, means (±SD) followed by same capital letter are not significantly different at P < .05 according to Duncan multiple range test following analysis of covariance; n = 25.

^*Adult fed sugar only.