Table 3.
Univariate analysis of factors associated with oral glucocorticoid use within the SLICC inception cohort
| At enrolment | Over time | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Received PO GCs (yes/no) | OR (95% CI) | n | OR (95% CI) | N |
| Age, years | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 1698 | 0.87 (0.85, 0.88) | 11 428 |
| Sex, male | 1.94 (1.34, 2.83) | 1699 | 5.09 (2.72, 9.51) | 11 437 |
| Ethinicity/racea | ||||
| Hispanic | 5.79 (3.90, 8.58) | 1699 | 13.25 (7.63, 23.01) | 11 437 |
| Asian | 7.71 (4.96, 12.00) | 41.38 (23.39, 73.21) | ||
| African origin | 2.97 (2.16, 4.01) | 12.98 (7.49, 22.51) | ||
| Other | 1.86 (1.07, 3.25) | 2.94 (1.06, 8.17) | ||
| Diagnosis date | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1699 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 11 437 |
| Disease duration (years) | 0.73 (0.54, 0.98) | 1699 | 0.80 (0.78, 0.81) | 11 437 |
| Hypertensionb | 1.65 (1.33, 2.04) | 1683 | 1.94 (1.62, 2.32) | 11 431 |
| Diabetesc | 0.88 (0.51, 1.51) | 1682 | 0.79 (0.54, 1.14) | 11 437 |
| BMI | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) | 1671 | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 11 371 |
| BMI2 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1671 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 11 371 |
| On antimalarial (yes/no) | 0.65 (0.52, 0.82) | 1699 | 1.11 (0.91, 1.36) | 11 437 |
| On immunosuppressant (yes/no) | 8.50 (6.33, 11.41) | 1679 | 8.65 (7.08, 10.58) | 11 437 |
| SLEDAI-2K score | 1.12 (1.09, 1.15) | 1693 | 1.12 (1.09, 1.14) | 11 312 |
| Active renal disease (yes/no) | 6.25 (4.40, 8.88) | 1699 | 2.77 (2.15, 3.56) | 11 437 |
| Overall treatment centre effect | P < 0.0001d | 1699 | P < 0.0001d | 1699 |
| Average daily dose of PO GC (mg) | % change (95% CI) | n | % change (95% CI) | N |
| Age, years | −0.89 (−1.21, −0.56) | 1178 | −2.13 (−2.46, −1.81) | 6441 |
| Sex (male) | 8.20 (−4.80, 22.96) | 1179 | 15.43 (0.46, 32.64) | 6450 |
| Ethnicity/racea | ||||
| Hispanic | 47.08 (30.61, 65.62) | 41.40 (24.45, 60.65) | ||
| Asian | 13.19 (0.54, 27.44) | 1179 | 23.00 (8.35, 39.62) | 6450 |
| African origin | 18.59 (5.03, 33.91) | 42.18 (24.90, 61.84) | ||
| Other | 14.27 (−9.60, 44.43) | 12.40 (−12.66, 44.66) | ||
| Diagnosis date | −0.003 (−0.006, 0.001) | 1179 | 0.00 (−0.00, 0.01) | 6450 |
| Disease duration (years) | −44.12 (−50.53, −36.87) | 1179 | −7.29 (−7.98, −6.59) | 6450 |
| Hypertensionb | 32.82 (21.92, 44.70) | 1172 | 20.16 (12.93, 27.85) | 6449 |
| Diabetesc | −10.41 (−29.29, 13.50) | 1166 | 11.54 (1.77, 22.24) | 6450 |
| BMI | 0.07 (−0.70, 0.85) | 1161 | 0.26 (−0.39, 0.92) | 6414 |
| BMI2 | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 1161 | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 6414 |
| On antimalarial (yes/no) | −34.26 (−39.82, −28.19) | 1177 | −18.70 (−24.30, −12.68) | 6450 |
| On immunosuppressant (yes/no) | 44.61 (32.89, 57.37) | 1177 | 44.43 (35.44, 54.01) | 6450 |
| SLEDAI-2K score | 3.85 (3.10, 4.60) | 1175 | 3.40 (2.71, 4.10) | 6388 |
| Active renal disease (yes/no) | 76.36 (61.81, 92.22) | 1179 | 29.00 (19.56, 39.18) | 6450 |
| Overall treatment centre effect | P < 0.0001d | 1699 | P < 0.0001d | 1699 |
a
Cf. Caucasian.
b
Defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication.
c
Defined as any past or current history of diabetes.
d
Overall variation between treatment centres shown here as P-values for chi-square test. Further detail of between centre differences (in multivariable analyses) shown in Table 6. n: number of patients; N: number of follow up intervals; PO: oral; GC: glucocorticoid.