Table 4.
Univariate analysis of factors associated with parenteral glucocorticoid use within the SLICC inception cohort
| At enrolment | Over time | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Received parenteral GCs (yes/no) | OR (95% CI) | n | OR (95% CI) | N |
| Age, years | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 1699 | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 11 468 |
| Sex (male) | 1.31 (0.90, 1.90) | 1700 | 1.03 (0.66, 1.59) | 11 477 |
| Ethnicity/racea | ||||
| Hispanic | 0.85 (0.55, 1.26) | 0.54 (0.35, 0.83) | ||
| Asian | 1.68 (1.18, 2.38) | 1700 | 0.85 (0.57, 1.28) | 11 477 |
| African origin | 1.53 (1.08, 2.16) | 1.74 (1.21, 2.49) | ||
| Other | 1.09 (0.54, 2.21) | 1.72 (0.88, 3.36) | ||
| Diagnosis date | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1700 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 11 477 |
| Disease duration, years | 0.88 (0.61, 1.27) | 1700 | 0.87 (0.85, 0.90) | 11 477 |
| Hypertensionb | 1.89 (1.46, 2.45) | 1683 | 1.50 (1.19, 1.88) | 11 471 |
| Diabetesc | 1.50 (0.82, 2.77) | 1682 | 2.00 (1.51, 2.63) | 11 477 |
| BMI | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 1672 | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 11 410 |
| BMI2 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1672 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 11 410 |
| On antimalarial (yes/no) | 0.56 (0.43, 0.72) | 1697 | 0.78 (0.61, 1.00) | 11 477 |
| On immunosuppressant (yes/no) | 2.61 (2.01, 3.40) | 1697 | 2.48(1.96, 3.14) | 11 477 |
| SLEDAI-2K score | 1.06 (1.03, 1.08) | 1693 | 1.08 (1.06, 1.11) | 11 347 |
| Active renal disease (yes/no) | 1.84 (1.40, 2.41) | 1700 | 1.32 (1.00, 1.75) | 11 477 |
| Overall treatment centre effect | P < 0.0001d | 1699 | P < 0.0001d | 1699 |
| Total dose of GC, mg | % change (95% CI) | n | % change (95% CI) | N |
| Age, years | −1.45 (−2.79, −0.09) | 235 | −2.74 (−3.87, −1.59) | 549 |
| Sex (male) | 64.13 (−1.30, 172.92) | 235 | 40.21 (−12.74, 125.28) | 550 |
| Ethnicity/racea | ||||
| Hispanic | 217.33 (77.91, 466.03) | 185.31 (75.40, 364.10) | ||
| Asian | 25.29 (−23.11, 104.13) | 36.32 (−12.18, 111.61) | 550 | |
| African origin | 51.70 (−5.92, 144.60) | 235 | 42.30 (−2.67, 108.06) | |
| Other | 4.30 (−62.03, 186.46) | 138.40 (21.23, 368.83) | ||
| Diagnosis date | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 235 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 550 |
| Disease duration, years | 6.20 (−38.28, 82.71) | 235 | −10.80 (−14.02, −7.47) | 550 |
| Hypertensionb | 68.70 (15.72, 145.97) | 233 | 38.02 (5.40, 80.72) | 549 |
| Diabetesc | −18.03 (−64.55, 89.54) | 235 | 30.01 (4.61, 61.58) | 396 |
| BMI | −1.74 (−4.49, 1.09) | 233 | −0.90 (−3.06, 1.32) | 548 |
| BMI2 | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.02) | 233 | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.03) | 548 |
| On antimalarial (yes/no) | −45.73 (−62.19, −22.10) | 235 | −42.13 (−56.37, −23.23) | 550 |
| On immunosuppressant (yes/no) | 194.01 (104.83, 322.02) | 235 | 276.02 (192.45, 383.48) | 550 |
| SLEDAI-2K score | 2.03 (−0.65, 4.79) | 235 | 3.72 (0.98, 6.53) | 545 |
| Active renal disease (yes/no) | 103.63 (40.98, 194.12) | 235 | 124.68 (66.55, 203.10) | 550 |
| Overall treatment centre effect | P < 0.0001d | 1699 | P < 0.0001d | 1699 |
a
Cf. Caucasians.
b
Defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication.
c
Defined as any past or current history of diabetes.
d
Overall variation between treatment centres shown here as P-values for chi-square test. Further detail of between centre differences (in multivariable analyses) shown in Table 6. n: number of patients; N: number of follow up intervals; GC: glucocorticoid.