Table 2.
Patients stratified according to late gadolinium enhancement or extracellular volume median value
| LGE |
ECV |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <10.5 g (n = 65) | > =10.5 g (n = 66) | P-value | <28.4% (n = 58) | > =28.4% (n = 58) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 68.8 ± 10.4 | 71.7 ± 8.8 | 0.089 | 70.3 ± 10.0 | 70.1 ± 9.7 | 0.910 |
| Gender (male/female) | 28/37 | 45/21 | 0.004 | 34/24 | 31/27 | 0.575 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 5.5 | 28.2 ± 4.7 | 0.567 | 27.8 ± 5.0 | 29.3 ± 5.0 | 0.097 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| HTN | 44 (68%) | 56 (89%) | 0.006 | 43 (75%) | 49 (84%) | 0.225 |
| AF | 6 (9%) | 13 (20%) | 0.089 | 7 (12%) | 11 (19%) | 0.305 |
| CAD | 14 (22%) | 29 (45%) | 0.015 | 19 (33%) | 21 (36%) | 0.746 |
| Symptom, n (%) | ||||||
| Syncope | 6 (9%) | 4 (6%) | 0.600 | 6 (10%) | 4 (7%) | 0.489 |
| NYHA | 0.721 | 0.040 | ||||
| I | 8 (12%) | 9 (14%) | 8 (14%) | 5 (9%) | ||
| II | 33 (51%) | 28 (42%) | 34 (59%) | 24 (41%) | ||
| III | 17 (26%) | 23 (35%) | 13 (22%) | 21 (36%) | ||
| IV | 2 (3%) | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7%) | ||
| Chest pain | 0.288 | 0.982 | ||||
| 0 | 41 (63%) | 39 (59%) | 35 (60%) | 37 (64%) | ||
| 1 | 3 (5%) | 7 (11%) | 5 (9%) | 5 (9%) | ||
| 2 | 15 (23%) | 8 (12%) | 12 (21%) | 10 (18%) | ||
| 3 | 4 (6%) | 5 (8%) | 4 (7%) | 5 (9%) | ||
| Valve type, bi/tri (n) | 20/45 | 18/48 | 0.659 | 16/42 | 17/41 | 0.837 |
| AVAi (cm2/m2) | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 0.40 ± 0.13 | 0.605 | 0.42 ± 0.15 | 0.39 ± 0.11 | 0.384 |
| Mean gradient (mmHg) | 44.8 ± 11.9 | 47.8 ± 14.7 | 0.216 | 47.1 ± 14 | 44.8 ± 13 | 0.368 |
| Mitral regurgitation (%) | 7.4 ± 11.2 | 15.2 ± 14.3 | 0.012 | 9.1 ± 12.7 | 11.5 ± 12.9 | 0.428 |
| EDVi (mL/m2) | 63.2 ± 20.9 | 70.2 ± 21.9 | 0.045 | 61.0 ± 19.1 | 71.4 ± 24.7 | 0.012 |
| ESVi (mL/m2) | 19.0 ± 15.6 | 25.6 ± 20.7 | 0.041 | 16.9 ± 12.0 | 27.7 ± ± 23.3 | 0.002 |
| LVMi (g/m2) | 83.9 ± 27.5 | 90.7 ± 20.7 | 0.035 | 83.7 ± 24.4 | 91.8 ± 25.6 | 0.085 |
| LVEF (%) | 72.4 ± 13.2 | 67.1 ± 15.4 | 0.032 | 73.9 ± 11.4 | 65.6 ± 17.0 | 0.003 |
| MAPSE (mm) | 10.7 ± 3.5 | 9.8 ± 3.6 | 0.123 | 11.0 ± 3.2 | 9.53 ± 3.7 | 0.031 |
| LAAi (cm2/m2) | 12.7 ± 3.3 | 14.5 ± 4.2 | 0.006 | 12.8 ± 3.3 | 14.4 ± 4.6 | 0.081 |
| E/A | 0.91 ± 0.42 | 1.08 ± 0.58 | 0.084 | 0.87 ± 0.38 | 1.10 ± 0.59 | 0.022 |
| DT (ms) | 245 ± 69 | 227 ± 82 | 0.206 | 236 ± 72 | 237 ± 81 | 0.940 |
| E/e' | 13.57 ± 6.28 | 13.94 ± 6.11 | 0.771 | 12.46 ± 6.27 | 14.94 ± 5.96 | 0.018 |
| 6MWT (m) | 468 ± 190 | 412 ± 187 | 0.143 | 488 ± 145 | 393 ± 210 | 0.006 |
| ECV (%) | 27.5 ± 2.6 | 29.5 ± 2.8 | <0.001 | 26.0 ± 1.7 | 30.7 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| LGE (g) | 5.84 ± 2.5 | 22.8 ± 9.9 | <0.001 | 11.5 ± 9.1 | 15.4 ± 12.2 | 0.090 |
| CVF (%) | 7.3 ± 4.7 | 15.7 ± 9.8 | <0.001 | 10.4 ± 7.5 | 10.9 ± 8.5 | 0.707 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 96 ± 139 | 277 ± 341 | <0.001 | 99 ± 154 | 262 ± 335 | <0.001 |
| hs-TnT (ng/L) | 15 ± 10 | 21 ± 20 | 0.001 | 15 ± 13 | 21 ± 18 | 0.018 |
Boldface values indicate statistically significant P-values. Values are given as mean ± SD or n (and percentage).
LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; ECV, extracellular volume; BMI, body mass index; HTN, hypertension; AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary arterial disease; EDVi, end-diastolic volume index; ESVi, end-systolic volume index; LVMi, left ventricular mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAPSE, mitral annular plane systolic excursion; LAAi, left atrial area index; E, peak early velocity of the transmitral flow; A, peak late velocity of the transmitral flow; DT, deceleration time; E´, peak early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus displacement; 6MWT, 6-minute-walk test; bi, bicuspid; tri, tricuspid; AVAi, aortic valve area index; CVF, collagen volume fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; hs-TnT, high sensitivity troponin T; SD, standard deviation; NYHA, New York Heart Association.