CSPGs are expressed in perivascular cuffs. (A) An inflammatory perivascular cuff schematic and cuff from an EAE mouse, depicted with CD45-positive cells (red) accumulated in the perivascular space between the endothelial and the parenchymal basement membranes, visualized by pan-laminin (green). (B) Schematic to illustrate the structure specificity of CSPG antibodies, including the versican core protein, the antibody to 4-sulfated chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CSA) and 4-sulfated or 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS56). (C) Perivascular cuffs in the spinal cord depicted with pan-laminin (green) as well as F4/80 (green), and the CSPG stains CSA and versican V1 (red). (D) Perivascular cuffs in the cerebellum stained with pan-laminin (green) and nuclei (nuclear yellow, NY, blue) showing CSA (white) staining associated with infiltrating CD45+ and CD3+ cells (red). (E) Perivascular cuffs in the cerebellum showing the relationship of CSA and CS56 (white) to astrocytes (GFAP, green), macrophages/microglia (F4/80, red), and the perivascular cuff (pan-laminin, green). Scale bars = 50 μm.