Table 3.

Hospital- and Patient-Centered Interventions Considered in This Study

	Intervention	Intended Effect	Timing for Potential Intervention Events	Transmission Events Directly Affected
Hospital Centered	HCW hand hygiene	Improve overall HCW HH compliance; increase utilization of soap and water vs ABHR for CDI or known colonized patients	HCW entry and exit of patient room	HCW: to and from environment or patient
	HCW contact precautions	Improve HCW contact precautions usage; provide education to reduce contact precaution contamination on donning and doffing; maintain until discharge for CDI or known colonized patients	HCW entry of patient room	HCW: to and from environment or patient
	Daily cleaning	Increase proportion of room cleaned daily by staff; utilize sporicidal product in all patient rooms, visitor common areas, and staff workrooms	Once every 24 h	Environment: to and from patient, HCW, and visitor
	Terminal cleaning	Increase proportion of room cleaned by staff at discharge or room transfer; utilize sporicidal product in all patient rooms	Patient discharge or room transfer	Environment: to and from patient, HCW, and visitor
Patient Centered	Patient hand hygiene	Improve overall patient HH compliance; increases utilization of soap and water vs ABHR for CDI or known colonized patients	Once every 6 h; upon visitor and HCW exit of patient room, patient entry and exit of common room, inter- and intraward transfer, and discharge	Patient: to visitor, to and from HCW, to and from environment, and between patients
	Patient transfer	Decrease hospital-wide patient transfer rate; restrict room transfers of CDI or known colonized patients	Between 0 and 4 times per patient per stay (maximum 2 intra- and 2 interward)	None; indirect effects via increased terminal cleaning
	Screening	Screen asymptomatic patients within 24 h of hospital admission via stool sample or, if necessary, rectal swab; if colonized, enact all polices as if CDI patient, except do not treat	Once, at time of admission	None; indirect effects via all 8 other interventions
	Visitor hand hygiene	Improve overall visitor HH compliance; increases utilization of soap and water vs ABHR for CDI or known colonized patients	Visitor exit of patient room	Visitor: from environment and patient; indirectly to environment
	Visitor contact precautions	Improve visitor contact precautions usage; provide education to reduce contact precaution contamination on donning and doffing; maintain until discharge for CDI or known colonized patients	Visitor exit of patient room	Visitor: from environment and patient; indirectly to environment

Abbreviations: ABHR, alcohol-based hand rub; CDI, Clostridium difficile infection; HCW, healthcare worker; HH hand hygiene.