Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants Free of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease at Baseline, by Baseline Concentrations of Biomarkers of Inflammation (n = 27,071), Women’s Health Study, 1993
| Characteristic | hsCRP, mg/L | Fibrinogen, mg/dL | GlycA, μmol/L | sICAM-1, ng/mL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1, % (median, 0.36) | Q5, % (median, 7.74) | Q1, % (median, 271.4) | Q5, % (median, 457.9) | Q1, % (median, 289.0) | Q5, % (median, 463.0) | Q1, % (median, 267.2) | Q5, % (median, 455.8) | |
| Age, yearsa | 52.7 (6.7) | 55.3 (6.9) | 52.7 (3.1) | 56.2 (7.7) | 53.1 (6.8) | 55.2 (7.0) | 52.8 (6.3) | 55.7 (7.4) |
| BMIb | 22.9 (2.9) | 29.4 (6.0) | 23.9 (3.7) | 28.7 (6.1) | 23.4 (3.5) | 28.9 (5.8) | 24.4 (4.0) | 27.5 (5.9) |
| BMI categoryb | ||||||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 79.8 | 25.8 | 69.0 | 31.0 | 75.0 | 27.3 | 65.0 | 38.7 |
| Overweight/obese (≥25.0) | 20.2 | 74.3 | 31.0 | 69.0 | 25.0 | 72.7 | 35.0 | 61.3 |
| Menopausal status | ||||||||
| Premenopausal | 44.1 | 17.2 | 37.8 | 21.4 | 37.9 | 19.7 | 38.8 | 17.9 |
| Postmenopausal | 39.8 | 61.9 | 45.6 | 61.1 | 43.9 | 60.5 | 42.2 | 62.0 |
| Unsure/perimenopause | 11.5 | 16.5 | 14.8 | 12.9 | 13.7 | 15.1 | 13.9 | 15.2 |
| Hormone therapy use | ||||||||
| Never | 66.4 | 34.5 | 45.9 | 54.5 | 58.0 | 41.1 | 52.4 | 46.4 |
| Past | 8.3 | 8.1 | 5.3 | 13.3 | 7.4 | 9.1 | 5.5 | 12.7 |
| Current | 25.2 | 57.1 | 48.7 | 31.9 | 34.4 | 49.6 | 42.0 | 40.8 |
| Hormone therapy type, among ever users | ||||||||
| Estrogen only | 78.7 | 54.6 | 67.8 | 67.6 | 73.5 | 60.5 | 71.4 | 63.2 |
| Estrogen AND progestogen | 13.6 | 38.7 | 25.1 | 24.3 | 18.7 | 32.6 | 21.7 | 29.9 |
| Oral contraceptive use | ||||||||
| Never | 27.6 | 30.0 | 23.0 | 37.6 | 26.9 | 30.9 | 24.8 | 33.6 |
| Ever | 72.1 | 69.7 | 76.6 | 62.0 | 72.7 | 68.8 | 74.8 | 66.1 |
| aHEI-2010 diet quality scorea | 54.8 (10.3) | 52.1 (10.1) | 54.5 (10.3) | 52.6 (10.2) | 55.0 (10.4) | 52.0 (10.1) | 54.8 (10.3) | 51.7 (10.2) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| Never/rarely | 38.5 | 52.2 | 33.0 | 54.4 | 36.5 | 52.8 | 37.1 | 51.6 |
| 1–3 drinks/month | 13.4 | 13.7 | 11.6 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 12.7 | 12.9 |
| 1–6 drinks/week | 35.8 | 26.6 | 38.0 | 25.5 | 38.3 | 26.0 | 37.4 | 26.6 |
| ≥1 drinks/day | 12.4 | 7.5 | 17.4 | 6.3 | 12.2 | 7.2 | 12.9 | 8.9 |
| Leisure-time physical activity level, MET-hours/weeka | 17.9 (20.7) | 11.4 (15.3) | 16.9 (19.7) | 12.0 (16.2) | 18.1 (21.0) | 11.5 (15.3) | 16.7 (19.4) | 11.9 (17.3) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never | 53.9 | 50.0 | 53.2 | 47.9 | 56.1 | 48.2 | 56.9 | 38.0 |
| Past | 36.0 | 36.7 | 39.1 | 35.2 | 36.6 | 35.7 | 39.2 | 29.9 |
| Current | 10.0 | 13.2 | 7.6 | 16.8 | 7.3 | 16.0 | 3.9 | 32.0 |
| Age at menarche, years | ||||||||
| ≤11 | 21.4 | 27.9 | 22.2 | 28.1 | 20.9 | 28.5 | 21.3 | 27.7 |
| 12 | 27.0 | 28.7 | 27.7 | 27.9 | 28.4 | 29.8 | 28.9 | 27.8 |
| 13 | 30.9 | 27.4 | 30.5 | 27.5 | 31.0 | 26.4 | 31.0 | 26.6 |
| ≥14 | 20.7 | 16.0 | 19.6 | 16.5 | 19.8 | 15.3 | 18.8 | 17.9 |
| Parity | ||||||||
| Nulliparous | 14.1 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 15.6 | 14.1 | 12.4 | 13.7 | 12.3 |
| Parous (pregnancy ≥6 months) | 85.3 | 87.2 | 87.5 | 84.7 | 85.2 | 87.0 | 85.7 | 87.1 |
| Parity among parous individuals | 2.7 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.3) | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.3) | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.3) | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.3) |
| Age at first birth, years | ||||||||
| <30 | 87.1 | 90.1 | 88.1 | 89.3 | 86.1 | 89.9 | 87.6 | 88.9 |
| ≥30 | 12.9 | 9.9 | 11.9 | 10.7 | 13.9 | 10.1 | 12.4 | 11.1 |
| History of benign breast disease | 40.1 | 31.6 | 40.1 | 31.7 | 39.6 | 31.1 | 39.1 | 31.5 |
| Family history of breast cancer in relative <60 years old | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.4 |
| Mammography screening in past year | 59.3 | 62.7 | 64.7 | 58.3 | 62.1 | 61.5 | 63.4 | 56.6 |
| White race/ethnicity | 94.5 | 94.5 | 96.1 | 92.8 | 93.7 | 94.5 | 91.7 | 95.5 |
Abbreviations: aHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 dietary quality score; BMI, body mass index; GlycA, N-linked glycoproteins; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MET, metabolic equivalent of tasks; Q, quintile; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
a Values are presented as mean (standard deviation).
b Weight (kg)/height (m)2.