Table 2.
Cox Proportional Hazards Models for Biomarkers of Inflammation and Risk of Incident Breast Cancer, Women’s Health Study, 1993–2013
| Biomarker and Model | Quintilea | P for Trend | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||
| CRP | |||||||||
| Model 1b | 0.92 | 0.78, 1.09 | 1.07 | 0.92, 1.26 | 1.13 | 0.97, 1.32 | 0.90 | 0.76, 1.07 | 0.4 |
| Model 2c | 0.91 | 0.77, 1.07 | 1.04 | 0.88, 1.22 | 1.08 | 0.91, 1.27 | 0.86 | 0.72, 1.04 | 0.2 |
| Model 3d | 0.91 | 0.77, 1.08 | 1.05 | 0.88, 1.25 | 1.08 | 0.90, 1.29 | 0.84 | 0.69, 1.04 | 0.1 |
| Fibrinogen | |||||||||
| Model 1b | 1.12 | 0.95, 1.32 | 1.06 | 0.90, 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.06, 1.47 | 1.12 | 0.95, 1.32 | 0.1 |
| Model 2c | 1.15 | 0.97, 1.35 | 1.09 | 0.92, 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.10, 1.53 | 1.16 | 0.97, 1.39 | 0.06 |
| Model 3d | 1.18 | 1.00, 1.39 | 1.13 | 0.95, 1.35 | 1.37 | 1.15, 1.63 | 1.25 | 1.03, 1.51 | 0.01 |
| GlycA | |||||||||
| Model 1b | 0.87 | 0.74, 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.82, 1.13 | 0.94 | 0.80, 1.10 | 0.98 | 0.84, 1.15 | 0.9 |
| Model 2c | 0.86 | 0.73, 1.01 | 0.95 | 0.81, 1.11 | 0.92 | 0.78, 1.09 | 0.96 | 0.81, 1.14 | 0.9 |
| Model 3d | 0.84 | 0.71, 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.77, 1.09 | 0.89 | 0.74, 1.07 | 0.96 | 0.79, 1.17 | 0.9 |
| sICAM-1 | |||||||||
| Model 1b | 0.89 | 0.76, 1.04 | 0.84 | 0.71, 0.98 | 0.88 | 0.75, 1.03 | 0.83 | 0.71, 0.97 | 0.04 |
| Model 2c | 0.89 | 0.76, 1.04 | 0.84 | 0.72, 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.74, 1.02 | 0.81 | 0.68, 0.96 | 0.02 |
| Model 3d | 0.88 | 0.75, 1.03 | 0.83 | 0.71, 0.98 | 0.86 | 0.73, 1.01 | 0.79 | 0.66, 0.94 | 0.02 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; GlycA, N-linked glycoproteins; HR, hazard ratio; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
a Quintile 1 was the reference category.
b Adjusted for age and treatment.
c Adjusted for the variables in model 1 and family history of breast cancer in a relative younger than 60 years of age (yes or no), personal history of benign breast disease (yes or no), white race/ethnicity (yes or no), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal, or unsure), hormone therapy use (never, past, or current), type of most recent hormone therapy use among ever users (estrogen alone, estrogen plus progestogen, or other), age at menarche (≤11 years, 12 years, 13 years, r ≥14 years), parity (as number of pregnancies lasting ≥6 months: nulliparous, 1–2, 3–4, or ≥5), age at first birth (nulliparous, <30 years, or ≥30 years), oral contraceptive use (never or ever), mammography screening (yes of no), Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 score (quartiles), physical activity level (metabolic equivalent of tasks-hours/week, quartiles), usual frequency of alcohol consumption (rarely/never, 1–3 drinks/month, 1–6 drinks/week, or ≥1 drink/day), smoking status (never, past, or current), and body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2; <18.5, 18.5–19.9, 20.0–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25.0–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥35.0).
d Adjusted for the variables in model 2 and the other biomarkers presented in the Table.