A typical PD-1−PD-L1+CD19+ B-cell subtype exert immuno-regulatory properties. (A) The left two panels show a representative dot plots of PD-1−PD-L1+ B cells gated on CD19+ cells from normal or tumor-bearing spleen. The right panel depicted values from 8 independent experiments. (B) Representative FC analysis showing the percentage of PD-1−PD-L1+CD19+ B cells at 48 h in the presence or absence of MDSCs in the culture system (B1). B2 shows summarized data from 5 independent experiments. (C) The percentage of PD-1−PD-L1+CD19+ B cells in BrdU-labeled B cells at 48 h with or without MDSCs from 8 independent experiments. (D) The percentage of CD5+ and CD5+CD1dhi B cells in tumor-bearing or tumor-free mice (D1) and (D2) in the MDSC-co-cultured system was evaluated by FC. (E) The intra-cellular IL-10 level of B cells was analyzed by FC in 4T1 or normal mice (E1) and (E2) in the MDSC-co-cultured group. * = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01, *** = P < 0.001, ns = not significant as determined with the t test. MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; FC, flow cytometry; IL, interleukin.