Table 2.
Questionnaire, interview, and demographic responses (means and standard deviations) for Control, Social Anxiety and Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia (PDA) Groups
| Measure | Control | Principal Social Anxiety: Circumscribed | Principal Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia | Principal Social Anxiety: Generalized | Group Effect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=17) | (n=21) | (n=25) | (n=42) | |||
| Social anxiety-related distress | ||||||
| LSAS-SR Total | 19.53 (15.90) b c d | 53.19 (22.49) a d | 55.96 (34.36) a d | 92.21 (19.63) a b c | F(3, 101)= 33.08, p< .001 | |
| LSAS-SR Fear | 10.59 (7.96) b c d | 29.38 (11.43) a d | 30.64 (15.90) a d | 48.57 (9.81) a b c | F(3, 101)=46.78, p< .001 | |
| LSAS-SR Avoidance | 8.94 (8.34) b c d | 23.81 (12.14) a d | 25.32 (18.79) a d | 43.64 (10.42) a b c | F(3, 101)= 33.08, p< .001 | |
| FSS Social | 37.35 (11.64) b c d | 63.05 (12.84) a d | 53.40 (17.97) a d | 78.67 (13.77) a b c | F(3, 101)=38.17, p< .001 | |
| Panic-related distress | ||||||
| PDSS Total | 0.06 (0.24) b c d | 5.71 (4.48) a c | 14.28 (5.30) a b d | 9.10 (6.78) a c | F(3, 101)=25.19, p< .001 | |
| ASI Total | 15.06 (9.56) c d | 25.14 (14.72) c | 39.16 (10.27) a b d | 28.88 (12.04) a c | F(3, 101)=14.52, p< .001 | |
| MASQ Anxious Arousal | 20.65 (3.43) c d | 26.05 (7.73) c | 34.64 (9.93) a b d | 28.76 (8.35) c | F(3, 101)=10.78, p< .001 | |
| FSS Agoraphobia | 22.59 (5.12) c d | 27.62 (8.24) c | 44.08 (11.75) a b d | 32.86 (10.98) a c | F(3, 101)=18.51, p< .001 | |
| Broad negative affectivity | ||||||
| MASQ Mixed Symptoms | 25.35 (5.44) b c d | 36.10 (13.23) a | 41.40 (14.75) a | 43.52 (10.42) a | F(3, 101)=10.68, p< .001 | |
| MASQ General Anxiety | 16.47 (4.52) c d | 22.0 (6.47) c d | 30.48 (5.80) a b | 28.05 (7.85) a b | F(3, 101)=18.99, p< .001 | |
| MASQ General Depression | 18.24 (4.49) b c d | 28.90 (11.98) a c | 31.84 (12.08) a | 37.12 (10.46) a b | F(3, 101)=13.40, p< .001 | |
| MASQ Anhedonia | 46.65 (10.91) b c d | 64.10 (16.37) a d | 73.24 (13.87) a | 76.24 (14.01) a b | F(3, 101)=19.60, p< .001 | |
| BDI-II Total | 3.18 (5.27) b c d | 11.52 (8.49) a d | 17.76 (10.73) a d | 18.98 (9.86) a b | F(3, 101)=13.53, p< .001 | |
| STAI-Trait | 34.0 (7.99) b c d | 48.24 (11.85) a d | 52.72 (10.03) a b | 58.31 (9.34) a b | F(3, 101)=25.33, p< .001 | |
| PSWQ | 37.35 (8.89) b c d | 52.67 (15.33) a d | 59.64 (11.34) a | 65.40 (10.33) a b | F(3, 101)=25.32, p< .001 | |
| Transdiagnostic functional interference | ||||||
| IIRS Total | 18.06 (9.48) b c d | 37.95 (16.19) a c d | 52.40 (15.75) a b | 51.98 (13.92) a b | F(3, 101)=27.21, p< .001 | |
| Clinician judgment of distress/impairment | ||||||
| CGI-S: Social Anxiety | 1.06 (0.24) b d | 4.43 (0.68) s c d | 1.48 (0.65) s b c | 5.07 (0.75) s b c | F(3, 101)=253.61, p< .001 | |
| CGI-S: Panic Disorder | 1.0 (0) c | 1.05 (0.22) c | 4.60 (0.58) a b d | 1.10 (0.48) c | F(3, 101)=432.32, p< .001 | |
| CGI-S: Agoraphobia | 1.0 (0) c | 1.0 (0) c | 4.72 (0.79) a b d | 1.02 (0.15) c | F(3, 101)=550.38, p< .001 | |
| CGI-S: Total Axis I/II | 29.76 (0.90) c d | 32.23 (3.56) c d | 39.04 (5.06) s b | 36.83 (4.04) s b | F(3, 101)=25.34, p< .001 | |
| Treatment Prognosis | 2.43 (0.81) d | 2.80 (1.19) d | 3.52 (1.21) b c | F(2, 85)=7.54, p< .01 | ||
| Interview Measures | ||||||
| Axis I disorders (Count) | 0 (0) | 1.29 (0.46) d | 1.60 (0.96) b d | 1.83 (0.82) b | F(3, 101)=26.37, p< .001 | |
| Comorbid major depressive disorder (%) | 14.3 | 28.0 | 19.0 | X2 (2)=1.42, ns | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age at assessment (Years) | 23.94 (6.07) b | 34.10 (11.71) d | 34.52 (11.34) b | 25.14 (7.38) b | F(3, 101)=9.21, p< .001 | |
| Gender (% Female) | 47.10 | 57.10 d | 60.0 d | 28.6 b | X2 (3)=8.14, p< .05 | |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 41.20 b c d | 76.20 a c | 96.0 a | 78.60 a | X2 (3)=17.03, p< .01 | |
| College graduate (%) | 41.20 | 66.70 d | 44.0 | 28.60 b | X2 (3)=8.41, p< .05 | |
Note. LSAS-SR= Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-Self-report Version (58); FSS=Fear Survey Schedule (59); PDSS=Panic Disorder Severity Scale (60); ASI=Anxiety Sensitivity Index (61); MASQ=Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (62); BDI-II=Beck Depression Inventory-II (63); STAI= State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (64); PSWQ=Penn State Worry Questionnaire (65); IIRS=Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (66); CGI-S=Clinical Global Impressions-Severity rated for respective disorders (7-point scale ranging from 1, Normal/No illness or impairment, to 7, Among the most severely ill patients) (44); Total Axis I/II=sum of ratings of all Axis I disorders assessed on ADIS (anxiety, mood, adjustment, substance use, somatoform, psychosis) as well as Axis II disorders assessed based on elevated SCID-II screener scores (44). Treatment Prognosis=clinician-rated estimate of treatment outcome (scale ranging from 1, Excellent, to 7, Poor); Superscripts=Results of Tukey HSD or chi-square pairwise between-group comparisons:
=comparison to control is significant at p< .05;
=comparison to circumscribed social anxiety is significant at p< .05;
=comparison to PDA is significant at p< .05.
=comparison to generalized social anxiety is significant at p< .05.