Table 2.

Depression symptoms full list and subset assessed in this study

	DSM-5 i	ICD-10 j	IDSk	SDQl	DSSm	BDIn	CIDIo	Scale with which we measure symptom	Item with which we measure symptom
Sadness	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	CESDa	I felt sad
Fatigue	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	Phys Symc	Fatigue
Loss of energy			x	x		x
Sleepiness				x	x
Guilt	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	EPDSd	I have blamed myself unnecessarily when things went wrong
Worthlessness/loss of confidence		x		x		x	x
Psychomotor retardation/feeling slowed down	x	x	x	x			x	CESDa	I felt that everything I did was an effort
Psychomotor agitation			x				x
Thoughts or desires of self-harm				x				EPDSd	The thought of harming myself has occurred to me
Agitated				x		x		CESDa	I was bothered by things that don’t usually bother me
Diminished mental sharpness/ability to think	x	x		x			x
Inability to focus/concentrate			x	x		x	x	CESDa	I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing
Indecisiveness				x		x	x
Weight loss	x	x	x	x			x
Weight gain			x				x
Decreased appetite			x	x	x	x	x	Phys Symc	Poor appetite
Increased appetite			x			x	x
Anhedonia/diminished capacity for pleasure	x		x		x	x	x	CESDa	I enjoyed life (reverse scored)
Loss of interest		x	x	x		x
Inability to fall asleep/insomnia	x	x	x	x		x	x
Oversleeping/hypersomnia			x	x		x	x
Inability to stay asleep			x	x		x		CESDa	My sleep was restless.
Positive mood reactivity			x	x
Negative mood reactivity				x				PSSe	How often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly
Pessimism			x	x	x	x	x	STAIb	I am presently worrying over possible misfortunes
Anxiety			x	x	x		x	EPDSd	I have been anxious or worried for no good reason
Irritable			x	x		x		PSSe	How often have you been able to control irritations in your life?
Heart palpitations			x	x				Phys Symc	Palpitations
Pains/aches			x	x				Phys Symc	Back pain, Joint pain, Muscle pain, Leg paing
Heavy limbs/weighted down				x
GI problems			x	x				Phys Symc	Constipation, Diarrhea, Heartburn, Nausea, Vomitingg
Sad affect display				x				CESDa	I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family and friends
Crying				x	x	x	x	EPDSd	I have been so unhappy that I have been crying
Sudden anger attacks				x				STAXIf	I feel like breaking things
Anger							x	STAIb	I feel angry
Diminished social functioning				x
Lack of control/helplessness							x
Past failure						x
Punishment feelings						x
Self-dislike						x
Memory problems				x
Ability to find words				x
Ability to work/study/function at home				x
Panic/phobic			x	x
Diurnal mood pattern			x				x
Diminished sexual interest			x			x	x
Diminished sexual functioning				x
Interpersonal sensitivity			x	x
Unresponsive mood/flat affect				x
Rumination					x
Desire for social support					x
Thoughts or desires of death	x	x	x	x			x
Thoughts or desires of suicide				x		x	x

^aCESD: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Radloff, 1991). In this study the CESD Short Form (SF) (Santor & Coyne, 1997) was administered.

^bSTAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Kvaal, Ulstein, Nordhus, & Engedal, 2005)

^cPhys Sym: Physical symptoms questionnaire for pregnancy and postpartum

^dEPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Cox, Holden, & Sagovsky, 1987)

^ePSS: Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983)

^fSTAXI: State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Fuqua et al., 1991)

^gTwo depression symptoms were characterized by more than one item. “Pains and aches” was assessed by separate questions about back, joint, muscle, and leg pains. “GI (stomach or bowel) symptoms” was assessed by separate questions about constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Each of these items was assessed from a questionnaire in which women described their frequency of each experience on Likert scales ranging from 1=never to 5=four or more times per week. These items were recoded as binary, with 0=never and 1=one or more times per week. Then, the sum was taken so that “Pain and aches” scores ranged from 0–4 and reflected how many kinds of pains women experienced per week, while “GI (stomach or bowel) symptoms” scores ranged from 0–5 and reflected how many kids of GI problems women experienced per week. Subsequently, these variables along with all symptom variables were unitized.

ⁱDSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth edition (American_Psychiatric_Association, 2003)

^jICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (World_Health_Organization, 2016)

^kIDS: Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (Rush, Carmody, & Reimitz, 2000)

^lSDQ: Symptoms of Depression Questionnaire (Pedrelli et al., 2014)

^mDSS: Depressive Symptoms Scale (Keller & Nesse, 2006)

ⁿBDI: Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Steer, & Carbin, 1988)

^oCIDI: WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (Wittchen, 1994)

Items that encompass more than one symptom (as defined by other scales that separate that item) are signified by a merged cell. The DSM-5 defines MDD as at least a two-week period of low mood or loss of pleasure, with no history of mania, alongside other daily symptoms including low appetite or weight loss, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation or agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt, diminished ability to think or concentrate, and/or suicidal behavior or ideation. ICD-10 proposes a similar definition involving at least one of these symptoms: persistent sadness or low mood, loss of interests or pleasure, fatigue or low energy, most days, most of the time for at least 2 weeks, alongside the following for a total of at least four symptoms: reduced enjoyment, reduced interest, reduced concentration, fatigue, tiredness, guilt, worthlessness, reduced self-esteem, and/or somatic symptoms such as loss of pleasure, sleep dysregulation, psychomotor retardation or agitation, loss of appetite, weight loss, and/or loss of libido.