Table 1.

Key Studies Involving Swab Self-Collection for STI Detection in Adult Men

Lead Authors (publication date)	Population	Sample Sizea	Swab Type	Detectable Pathogen(s)b	Study Endpoint(s)c
Lampinen TM, Chan K, Anema A et al. (2006) Ref.d 11	HIV-negative MSM aged 18–30 years recruited from Vancouver, BC	63	Self-collected and clinician-collected anorectal swabs	HPV	Type-Specific HPV Prevalence
					Concordance of Self-Collected Swabs and Clinician-Collected Swabs
Hernandez BY, McDuffie K, Goodman MT et al. (2006) Ref. 12	English-speaking men aged ≥ 18 years recruited from Honolulu, Hawaii	136	Self-collected and clinician-collected penile and scrotal swabs	HPV	Concordance of Self-Collected Swabs and Clinician-Collected Swabs
Lampinen TM, Latulippe L, Van Niekerk D et al. (2006) Ref. 13	HIV-negative MSM aged 18–30 years recruited from Vancouver, BC	222	Self-collected and clinician-collected anorectal swabs	HPV	Adequacy of Self-Collected Swabs vs. Clinician-Collected Swabs
Chin-Hong PV, Berry MJ, Cheng S et al. (2008) Ref. 14	MSM aged ≥ 18 years recruited from San Francisco, CA	125	Self-collected and clinician-collected anorectal swabs	HPV	Sensitivity of Self-Collected Swabs vs. Clinician-Collected Swabs for Detection of AIN
Wayal S, Llewellyn C, Smith H et al. (2009) Ref. 15	MSM aged ≥ 18 years recruited from Brighton, England	301	Self-collected and clinician-collected anorectal and oropharyngeal swabs	Not Specified	Feasibility and Acceptability of Self-Collected Swabs vs. Clinician-Collected Swabs
van der Helm JJ, Hoebe CJ, van Rooijen MS et al. (2009)e Ref. 16	MSM with recruitment age not specified recruited from South Limburg and Amsterdam in the Netherlands	1458	Self-collected anorectal swabs	C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae	Validity of Self-Collected Swabs for Detection of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
					Feasibility and Acceptability of Self-Collected Swabs
Dodge B, Van Der Pol B, Rosenberger JG et al. (2010) Ref. 17	MSM aged ≥ 18 years recruited from Indianapolis, IN	68	Self-collected anorectal swabs	C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae	Knowledge about Rectal STIs and Perceived Risk
					Feasibility and Acceptability of Self-Collected Swabs
Chai SJ, Aumakhan B, Barnes M et al. (2010) Ref. 22	Men aged ≥ 14 years recruited from Baltimore and other parts of Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Illinois (select counties), and Denver, CO	501	Self-collected urethral swabs	C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae T. vaginalis	Sensitivity of Different Self-Collection Methods for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomoniasis Detection Feasibility and Acceptability of Self-Collected Swabs
Gilbert M, Kwag M, Mei W et al. (2011) Ref. 18	MSM aged ≥ 19 years recruited from Vancouver, BC	268	Self-collected anorectal swabs	HPV	Type-Specific HPV and Anal Dysplasia Prevalence
					Feasibility of Incorporating Self-Collected Swabs into Venue-Based HPV Surveillance Systems
Soni S and White JA (2011)e Ref. 19	Men with recruitment age not specified but all ≥ 19 years recruited from London, UK	634	Self-collected oropharyngeal and anorectal swabs	C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae	Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Prevalence
					Satisfaction of Participants with STI Screening Service
Read TR, Hocking JS, Vodstrcil LA et al. (2012) Ref. 20	MSM with recruitment age not specified but all ≥ 27 years recruited from Melbourne, AU	500	Self-collected oropharyngeal swabs	HPV	HPV DNA Detection Using 3 Sampling and Transport Methods
					Self-Collection of Oral Samples to Determine Impact of Partner Count and Sexual Practices on HPV DNA Detection
Chernesky MA, Jang D, Portillo E et al. (2013) Ref. 21	Men aged 15–24 years recruited from Hamilton, Ontario, CA	511	Self-collected penile-meatal swabs	C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae	Sensitivity of Different Self-Collection Methods for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Detection
					Feasibility and Acceptability of Different Self-Collection Methods
Dize L, Agreda P, Quinn N et al. (2013) Ref. 23	Men aged ≥ 14 years recruited from Maryland, District of Columbia, or Alaska	634	Self-collected penile-meatal swabs	C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae T. vaginalis	Sensitivity of Self-Collected Swab Samples for Detection of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomoniasis
Hernandez BY, Wilkens LR, Unger ER et al. (2013) Ref. 24	Men aged 14–59 years recruited from Honolulu, Hawaii	450	Self-collected and clinician-collected penile swabs	HPV	Validity of Different Self-Collected Swab Methods for Detection of Type-Specific HPV DNA
					Feasibility and Acceptability of Different Self-Collection Methods
Gaydos CA, Barnes MR, Quinn N et al. (2013) Ref. 25	Men aged ≥ 14 years recruited from Maryland, District of Columbia, or Alaska	1699	Self-collected penile-meatal swabs	T. vaginalis	Trichomoniasis Prevalence and Risk Factors for Infection
Keaveney S, Sadlier C, O’Dea S et al. (2014) Ref. 26	HIV-positive MSM with recruitment age not specified recruited from Dublin, Ireland	65	Self-collected anorectal swabs	C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae	Determination of Whether Self-Collected Swabs Improved STI Screening
Wood M, Ellks R, and Grobicki M (2015) Ref. 27	MSM with recruitment age not specified but all undergoing self-collection ≥ 23 years recruited from the United Kingdom	30	Self-collected oropharyngeal and anorectal swabs	C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae	Evaluation of a Novel STI Screening Service Incorporating Self-Collected Postal Testing Kits at a Sex-on-Premises Venue
Dize L, Barnes P, Barnes M et al. (2016) Ref. 28	Men with recruitment age not specified but all undergoing self-collection ≥ 17 years recruited from Baltimore, MD	203	Self-collected penile-meatal swabs	C. trachomatis M. genitalium N. gonorrhoeae T. vaginalis	Validity of Self-Collected Swabs vs. Clinician-Collected Swabs for Detection of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Trichomoniasis, and M. genitalium Infection
					Acceptability of Self-Collected Swabs
Nyatsanza F, Trivedy A, and Brook G. (2016) Ref. 29	Men with recruitment age not specified recruited from London, England	408 in Pretest Group	Self-collected oropharyngeal and anorectal swabs	C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae	Assessment of Change in Detection Rate of Extra-Genital Infections Following Introduction of Self-Collection Swabs
		404 in Posttest Group
Chernesky M, Jang D, Smieja M et al. (2017) Ref. 30	Men aged 16–25 years recruited from Hamilton, Ontario, CA	356	Self-collected meatal swabs	C. trachomatis HPV M. genitalium N. gonorrhoeae T. vaginalis	Sensitivity of Different Self-Collection Methods for Detection of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, HPV, M. genitalium Infection, and Trichomoniasis
					Comparison of Different Self-Collection Swabs for Detection of M. genitalium Infection

^aSample size listed includes only the sample of men who agreed to engage in self-collection of swab specimens

^bDetectable Pathogen Abbreviations: HPV = Human Papillomavirus, C. trachomatis = Chlamydia trachomatis, M. genitalium = Mycoplasma genitalium, N. gonorrhoeae = Neisseria gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis = Trichomonas vaginalis

^cSTI = Sexually Transmitted Infection

^dRef. = Reference Number

^eStudy also included recruitment of women