Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and questionnaire scores
| Variable | Healthy Controls (n= 21) | Pathological Gamblers (n= 16) | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | M | SD | Range | M | SD | ||
| Age | 18–52 | 32.1 | 11.4 | 21–50 | 35.8 | 8.8 | 0.29 |
| Net income (€) | 0–3570 | 1691 | 1123 | 750–3250 | 1750 | 949 | 0.87 |
| Body mass index | 18.3–30.9 | 23.1 | 3.2 | 20.8–26.9 | 23.9 | 2.0 | 0.38 |
| SOGS | 0–2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 6–18 | 12.4 | 3.9 | <0.001 |
| FTND | 0–5 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0–8 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 0.014 |
| Number of current smokers | – | 10 | – | – | 10 | – | 0.37 |
| AUDIT | 0–14 | 6.2 | 3.8 | 0–15 | 7.7 | 4.6 | 0.27 |
| HADS anxiety | 0–12 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1–12 | 4.9 | 3.4 | 0.035 |
| HADS depression | 0–10 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 0–15 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 0.006 |
| Verbal IQ | 85–128 | 106 | 9.5 | 77–123 | 103 | 12.3 | 0.43 |
M, Mean; SD, Standard Deviation; FTND, Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (Heatherton et al., 1991); AUDIT, alcohol use disorders identification test (Saunders et al., 1993); HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983).