Table 3.

Results of D test

popW	popA	popY	popZ	D value	Z score
CHB	YRI	JPT	KOR	−0.0055	−5.061
CHS	YRI	JPT	KOR	−0.0054	−4.865
JPT	YRI	CHB	CHS	0.0014	1.515
KOR	YRI	CHB	CHS	0.0016	1.649
CHB	CEU	JPT	KOR	−0.0062	−6.748
CHS	CEU	JPT	KOR	−0.0060	−6.596
JPT	CEU	CHB	CHS	−0.0005	−0.595
KOR	CEU	CHB	CHS	−0.0004	−0.446

Note: Population A (popA) is outgroup, population W (popW) is a reference population, population Y (popY) and population Z (popZ) are two potential target populations. If D value is significantly positive, it suggests that the gene flow between population W and population Y was greater than that between population W and population Z. On the contrary, if D value is significantly negative, it means the gene flow between population W and population Y was smaller than that between population W and population Z. If D value is not significantly positive or negative, it suggests that the gene flow between population W and population Y are equal to that between population W and population Z, or there is no gene flow between population W and population Y or between population W and population Z