Table 2.

Participants’ characteristics by resilient and high-risk groups

	Resilient	High-risk	X² or t-value

	n = 21	n = 36
Sociodemographic characteristics
Male^a	66.67%	75.00%	0.50
Two parents with SUD^b	42.90%	52.80%	−0.47
Mean age at Go/No-Go scan	20.68 (1.74)	19.88 (1.78)	1.64
Mean age at MIDT scan	20.83 (1.45)	20.51 (1.20)	0.86
Substance use^c
Binge drinking – ages 12–16	0.11 (0.33)	4.01 (10.45)	−2.24^*
Binge drinking – ages 17–18	5.00 (15.31)	49.74 (77.57)	−2.60^*
Binge drinking – ages 19–20	5.06 (9.72)	96.21 (101.16)	−3.69^**
Binge drinking – ages 21–22	3.97 (9.57)	112.02 (100.20)	−4.91^***
Binge drinking – ages 23–24	3.13 (6.36)	68.77 (66.09)	−4.52^***
Binge drinking – ages 25–26	2.85 (77.10)	77.10 (71.34)	−3.86^***
Marijuana use – ages 12–16	0.00 (0.00)	2.21 (4.99)	−2.57^*
Marijuana use – ages 17–18	1.13 (3.62)	67.74 (156.64)	−2.48^*
Marijuana use – ages 19–20	1.33 (4.16)	77.18 (147.17)	−2.77^*
Marijuana use – ages 21–22	0.20 (0.49)	67.91 (125.70)	−3.19^**
Marijuana use – ages 23–24	0.08 (0.24)	46.81 (98.20)	−2.82^**
Marijuana use – ages 25–26	0.04 (0.18)	59.88 (130.60)	−2.67^*
Cigarette and other drug use – ages 12–16	1.35 (5.87)	27.68 (67.87)	−2.31^*
Cigarette and other drug use – ages 17–26	162.80 (456.87)	596.83 (567.83)	−3.06^**
Early adolescent factors – ages 12–14
Reactive control	5.61 (1.28)	4.77 (1.04)	2.60^*
Externalizing behavior	8.14 (5.18	13.11 (8.24)	−2.49^*
Late adolescent factors – ages 17–18
Reactive control	5.19 (1.06)	4.65 (0.91)	1.75
Externalizing behavior	7.38 (3.96)	12.45 (5.56)	−3.66^**

Note. N = 57; SUD = substance use disorder; MIDT = monetary incentive delay task; Mean differences between categorical variables are shown by Χ² tests; Standard deviations are shown in parentheses;

Reference group female;

Reference group one parent with SUD;

Binge drinking is displayed as the mean number of days during the past year during each age range when participants reported consuming 5 or more drinks. Marijuana use and the sum of cigarette and other drug use are displayed as the mean number of use occasions during the past year for each age range. The original 0-9 scale for the marijuana use measure was converted to the following in order to improve interpretability: 0(0 occasions) = 0 occasions, 1(1–2 occasions) = 1.5 occasions, 2(3–5 occasions) = 4 occasions, 3(6–9 occasions) = 7.5 occasions; 4(10–19 occasions) = 14.5 occasions; 5(20–39 occasions) = 29.5 occasions, 6(40–99) = 69.5 occasions, 7(100–249 occasions) = 174.5 occasions, 8(250–499 occasions) = 365 occasions, 9(500+ occasions) = 500 occasions.

p < 0.05

^**

p < 0.01

^***

p < 0.001