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. 2018 Feb 9;6(2):e39. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.8573

Table 2.

Baseline and postintervention values, adjusted differences, and effect sizes for sedentary behavior outcomes.

Outcome variable
(all min/day unless
otherwise specified)
Baseline, mean (95% CI) Post intervention, mean (95% CI) Adjusted mean
difference (95% CI)a
Effect size
(Cohen's d)

Control Intervention Control Intervention

Parent reported






Total screen timeb 92.0 (68.1 to 115.9) 109.7 (78.2 to 141.3) 99.5 (69.2 to 129.8) 79.2 (53.2 to 105.1) −35.0 (−64.1 to −5.9) 0.82

TV/DVD viewing 77.5 (57.5 to 97.5) 88.1 (54.9 to 121.2) 78.0 (57.4 to 98.6) 69.2 (43.1 to 95.2) −15.0 (−34.3 to 4.3) 0.61

Computer/e-gamec use 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) 0.6 (−0.6 to 1.7) 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0)

Handheld e-game use 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0)

Smartphone use 4.8 (0.1 to 9.4) 5.9 (1.3 to 10.4) 5.8 (−1.0 to 12.5) 3.5 (−0.5 to 7.6) −1.9 (−7.2 to 3.4) 0.38

Tablet use 10.3 (0.02 to 20.5) 15.0 (2.8 to 27.2) 7.1 (−2.0 to 16.2) 6.7 (1.5 to 11.9) −8.2 (−23.0 to 6.6) 0.21

Time restrained 63.2 (39.6 to 86.9) 74.7 (46.2 to 103.2) 64.3 (49.7 to 78.8) 57.5 (37.3 to 77.7) −16.2 (−39.3 to 7.0) 0.48

Time sitting 127.3 (82.5 to 172.0) 126.7 (97.8 to 155.5) 118.5 (83.3 to 153.7) 106.1 (75.2 to 137.0) −13.5 (−63.4 to 36.4) 0.15

Days/weekdays child has <1 hour screen time 3.5 (2.4-4.6) 3.6 (2.3 to 4.9) 3.6 (2.6 to 4.6) 3.4 (2.2 to 4.7) −0.1 (−1.7 to 1.4) 0.11
activPAL






Sitting time 265.8 (212.4-319.2) 281.7 (223.6 to 339.9) 262.1 (209.6 to 314.6) 256.0 (205.6 to 306.3) −22.3 (−80.8 to 36.3) 0.26

aAdjusted for child sex, child age, and clustering by playgroup.

bSum of individual screen behaviors.

ce-game: electronic game.