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. 2018 Apr 7;24(13):1373–1385. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i13.1373

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©The Author(s) 2018. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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The Fenton reaction in liver disease. Oxidative stress produces large amounts of reactive compounds and cytotoxic free radicals (H₂O₂, O₂^•- and OH^•). The Fenton reaction generates hydroxyl radicals (OH^•) from hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide (O₂^•-) catalyzed by iron. This reaction occurs in cells and free radicals can attack the double bonds of non-saturated phospholipids in cell membranes which eventually degrade the structural integrity of cell membranes, impair enzymatic function and cause cross-linking of proteins or strand breaks in DNA. Cells also have an antioxidant enzyme system (catalase, GSH or SOD) is meant to neutralize free radicals and prevent damage.