Table 1.
Characteristics of enrolled subjects
| Total | H. pylori infected1 | H. pylori uninfected | P value3 | |
| n (%) | 136 | 23 (17) | 113 (83) | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age median (IQR), yr | 45 (37-56) | 53 (44-68) | 42 (35-53) | 0.0057 |
| Male sex (%) | 53 (39) | 7 (30) | 46 (41) | 0.48 |
| Body mass index median (IQR), kg/m2 | 21.2 (19.6-23.7) | 22.7 (20.4-25.6) | 21.2 (19.5-23.3) | 0.028 |
| Family history of gastric cancer, present/absent | 12/124 | 3/20 | 9/104 | 0.43 |
| Smoking, present/absent | 4/132 | 0/23 | 4/109 | 1.0 |
| Drinking, present/absent | 25/111 | 4/19 | 21/92 | 1.0 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Anti-H. pylori antibody median (IQR), U/mL | 4.7 (3.7-6.6) | 5.4 (4.2-7.9) | 4.7 (3.7-6.4) | 0.048 |
| 13C-urea breath test result median (IQR), per mil | 0.3 (0.1-0.8) | 19.3 (9.3-26.3) | 0.3 (0.1-0.4) | 3.6 × 10-14 |
| Endoscopic findings | ||||
| Kyoto classification of gastritis4, 5/4/3/2/1/0 | 1/3/14/9/13/96 | 1/3/8/6/2/3 | 0/0/6/3/11/93 | 3.8 × 10-13 |
| Atrophy, 2/1/0 | 15/20/101 | 10/4/2009 | 6/10/97 | 5.8 × 10-12 |
| Intestinal metaplasia, 1/0 | 14/122 | 9/14 | 5/108 | 2.9 × 10-5 |
| Enlarged folds, 1/0 | 5/131 | 4/19 | 1/112 | 0.0029 |
| Nodularity, 1/0 | 2/134 | 2/21 | 0/113 | 0.028 |
| Redness, 1/0 | 19/117 | 12/11 | 7/106 | 7.3 × 10-7 |
| Gastric sticky mucus, present/absent | 22/114 | 8/15 | 14/99 | 0.013 |
| Gastric ulcer, present/absent | 1/135 | 1/22 | 0/113 | 0.17 |
| Duodenal ulcer, present/absent | 3/133 | 1/22 | 2/111 | 0.43 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease, present/absent | 20/116 | 2/21 | 18/95 | 0.53 |
| Hiatal hernia, present/absent | 18/118 | 2/21 | 16/97 | 0.74 |
| Fundic gland polyp, present/absent | 41/95 | 1/22 | 40/73 | 0.0022 |
| Histological findings5 | ||||
| H. pylori density, present/absent | 18/118 | 18/5 | 0/113 | 2.8 × 10-18 |
| Chronic inflammation, present/absent | 46/90 | 21/2 | 25/88 | 4.5 × 10-10 |
| Neutrophil activity, present/absent | 15/121 | 15/8 | 0/113 | 1.4 × 10-14 |
| Intestinal metaplasia, present/absent | 4/132 | 1/22 | 3/110 | 0.53 |
| Glandular atrophy, present/absent | 4/132 | 1/22 | 3/110 | 0.53 |
1 13C-urea breath test-positive subjects were defined as H. pylori-infected patients;
3
Fisher’s exact test, Cochran-Armitage test, or Mann-Whitney U test was used as appropriate;
4
Kyoto classification of gastritis was estimated by gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, enlarged folds, nodularity, and redness[13];
5
We defined one or more score classified by the updated Sydney system in either the great curvature of the corpus or the antrum as present. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; IQR: Interquartile range.