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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2016 Oct 13;24(5):728–739. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.005

Figure 5. Metabolite profiles of metformin are the result of altered substrate utilization in the mitochondria.

Figure 5

A. 13C enrichment patterns that are derived from different 13C labeled fuel sources. Solid circle denotes 13C carbon while open circle denotes 12C carbon. B to D. 13C isotopologues distribution of citrate from cells treated with 13C labeled glucose, glutamine or palmitate for 6 hrs. E to G. 13C enrichment in aspartate from 13C labelled glucose, glutamine or palmitate. H to I. UTP 13C distribution in the presence of 13C labelled glucose or glutamine. 13C labelled UTP was not detected from 13C labeled palmitate. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01 Error bars obtained from SEM of n=3 independent measurements.