Table 4. Comparing NHIF Contributions and Operating Expenses .

	2014	2013	2012a	2011
	KES '000b	KES '000	KES '000	KES '000
Contributions (national scheme and civil servants and disciplined forces medical scheme)	13 629 140	12 229 966	9 595 592	6 628 729
Operating expenses less benefit expenses	3 982 803	3 527 918	3 287 600	2 780 489
Operating expenses as a percentage of contributions	29%	29%	34%	42%

Abbreviation: NHIF, National Hospital Insurance Fund.

^a Start of Civil Servants and Disciplined Forces Medical Scheme.

^b KES: Thousands of Kenya Shillings ie, the first cell would be 13.629 Billion.

Source: Authors’ calculations based on NHIF Financial statements (2012-2014).