Figure 6.

Overexpression of HOXA1 can delay tumor progression and enhance the antitumor immune response in tumor-bearing mice. Groups of mice bearing established LLC cells were intratumorally injected with pcDNA3.1-HOXA1 every 3 days for 3 weeks. (A) Tumor volume and weight were measured at the indicated times. (B) The proportion of CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ MDSCs in tumor tissue was analyzed by flow cytometry. (C) Arginase 1 activity and reactive oxygen species production in MDSCs sorted from the spleen and tumor tissues were detected. (D) The proportions of CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ Th1 and CD3⁺⁺CD8⁺IFN-γ⁺ CTL cells from spleens, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissue were analyzed by flow cytometry (***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, and ns, no significance).