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. 2018 Mar 9;9:471. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00471

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Copyright © 2018 Velasquez, Stüve, Gentilini, Swallow, Bartel, Lycke, Barkan, Martina, Lujan, Kalay, van Kooyk, Sparwasser and Berod.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CTA1-DD and zymosan induce DC activation and cytokine production. (A–G) WT or hSIGN BMDC were treated with αCD40 (1 µg/mL) and different concentrations of CTA1-DD and zymosan. LPS (100 ng/mL) was used as a positive control. After 24 h stimulation, (A–C) CD86 and MHC-II surface expression was determined by flow cytometry and (D) IL-6, (E) IL-23, (F) IL-1β and (G) IL-10 production by ELISA. (A) Representative histograms from one of three independent experiments. (B) Bar graphs represent mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD86 and (C) percent of CD86^hi MHC-II^hi among CD11c⁺ cells. Error bars represent SD of triplicate wells from one of three experiments.