Table 2. Characteristics of included studies.
| Citation | Effect name | Participants | Total N | Intervention group | Comparison group(s) | Follow up period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Somers et al., 201220) | PCST | Adults (20–85 years); Overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 and ≤42); knee pain in the most days in the prior 6 months; radiographic evidence of KOA (unilateral or bilateral) based on K–L score | N=232 PCST & BWM, n=62PCST, n=60BWM, n=59Standard care, n=51 | -PCST course was delivered over 24 weeks. A weekly session in the
first 12 weeks. A session every other week in the last 12 weeks. The session
duration is one hour. -PCST & BWM: Participants in this group received the PCST and BWM protocols described combined. |
-Standard care control. -BWM: During the first 12 weeks, one-hour of BWM session was delivered weekly in addition to three 90-minute supervised exercise sessions. During the last 12 weeks, only BWM sessions were delivered, and it was held every other week. |
24-week6-month12-month2- years |
| Helminen et al., 201418) | CBT | Adults (35–75 years); knee pain in the most days in the last year; radiographic evidence of KOA based on K–L score; one week prior to the study the knee pain was (≥40 on a 100-mm) in the pain subscale of the (WOMAC) index | N=111GP care & CBT, n=55GP care, n=56 | CBT was delivered over a period of 6 weeks (1 session/week) according to Linton’s model 31). Each session lasted for 2 hours with a 15–20 minute break. | GP care | 3-month12-month |
| Smith et al., 201530) | CBT-I | Adults (mean age=59.2 ± 9.9 years); met the criteria for insomnia disorder; met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of KOA; knee pain experienced 5 days/week for 6 months; radiographic evidence of KOA K–L score | N=100CBT-I, n=50BD, n=50 | CBT-I was delivered in 8 sessions (45 minute/session). | Behavioural desensitization (active placebo) 32) | Post-treatment 3-month6-month |
| Bennell et al., 201619) | PCST | Adults (≥50 years); fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria (pain on most days in the past month and radio- graphic changes); knee pain ≥3 months; average pain during previous week ≥40 on 100-mm VAS; at least moderate difficulty with daily activities: WOMAC physical function subscale ≥25 of 68 units | N=222PCST & exercise, n=73Exercise, n=75PCST, n=74 | -PCST sessions (10 session) were delivered over a 12-week period
(45 minute/ session). -PCST & exercise: (70 minute/ session). Comprising 45 minutes of PCST and 25 minutes of exercise. |
Exercise (strengthening exercises). Ten sessions over a 12-week period (25 minute/ session). | 12-weeks32-week52-week |
PCST: Pain Coping Skills Training; CBT: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; CBT-I: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy For Insomnia; BMI: Body Mass Index; K–L: Kellgren-Lawrence score; WOMAC: the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index; BWM: Behavioural Wight Management; BD: Behavioural desensitization; VAS: Visual Analog Scale.