Table 3. Treatment outcomes according to the WOMAC pain subscale.
| Study | Intervention | Mean difference | % Change from baseline | Effect size | MCII achieved | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-treatment (SD) |
12-month Post-treatment (SD) except ¶ |
Between groups |
|||||
| Somers et al., 201220) | PCST +BWM | 47.7 (22.5) | 27.2 (13.05) | −20.5 | −43% | 0.77$ | Yes |
| PCST only | 42.8 (20.16) | 34.5 (14.62) | −8.3 | −19.4% | 0.25 | No | |
| BWM only | 42.6 (19.2) | 35.5 (13.9) | −0.71 | −16.7% | 0.18 | No | |
| Standard care* | 43.3 (22.04) | 38.0 (14.03) | −5.3 | −12.2% | - | No | |
| Helminen et al., 201418) | CBT | 57.6 (13.4) | 35.6 (20.2) | −22 | −38.2% | 0.18 | Yes |
| GP care* | 56.4 (13.6) | 39.5 (22.0) | −16.9 | −30% | - | No | |
| Smith et al., 201530) | CBT-I | 46.5 (20) | 40.3 (23.8) ¶ | −6.2 | −13.3% | 0.18 | No |
| BD* | 49.7 (24.5) | 35.4 (27.5) ¶ | −14.3 | −28.8% | - | No | |
| Bennell et al., 201619) | PCST +exercise | 45 (14) | 26 (16.5) | −19 | −42.2% | 0.06 | Yes |
| PCST only | 43.5 (14) | 29 (15) | −14.5 | −33% | 0.12 | No | |
| Exercise only* | 43 (13.5) | 27 (17) | −16 | −37.2% | - | No | |
Mean difference score calculated according to (0–100) scale. MICC: Minimally Clinically Important Improvement in WOMAC pain subscale [−40.8% or −19.9 scale]; ¶ Post-treatment average after 6-month follow-up time point; * Control group for effect size; $ considered a >0.75 moderate to large effect; WOMAC: the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index; PCST: Pain Coping Skills Training; BWM: Behavioural Wight Management; CBT: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; CBT-I: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy For Insomnia; BD: Behavioural desensitization; CMD: Clinically meaningful difference.