Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Apr 9;8:5681. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23830-4

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

B. pseudohinzii (strain 3227) attaches to cilia and damages the epithelium in an in vitro-infection model. Tracheal explants were cultured for 24 h, with following addition of bacteria for 4 h or 24 h, and analysed by scanning electron microscopy. (a,d) Upon cultivation for 24 + 4 h without adding of bacteria, cilia are regularly orientated and no bacteria are visible. (b,e) The trachea was cultivation for 4 h in 1 ml medium with 0.4 × 10⁴ CFU B. pseudohinzii. A single bacterium is seen attached to cilia (arrow). (c,f) Cultivation for 4 h with a higher dose of B. pseudohinzii (2.3 × 10⁸ CFU). No obvious alterations of cilia or ciliated cells can be observed. Bacterial chains are attached to cilia (arrows). (g,j) Cultivation for 48 h without adding of bacteria. Ciliated cells are intact and cilia show no signs of damage. (h,k) Cultivation for 24 h with 0.4 × 10⁴ CFU B. pseudohinzii. (i,l) Cultivation for 24 h with a higher dose of B. pseudohinzii (2.3 × 10⁸ CFU). Increased numbers of bacteria are attached to cilia (arrows), cilia look flattened. Single ciliated cells are massively damaged (dotted arrow).