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. 2018 Apr 9;8:5685. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24134-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Contribution of surface displayed PbrR to enhanced adsorption of lead(II) in vitro. (A) Accumulation of lead(II) by cells surface-displayed Lpp-OmpA-PbrR. The adsorption assay was performed in 25 mmol/L HEPES pH 7.0 containing 150 μmol/L lead acetate at 25 °C for 12 h. (B) Lead(II) adsorption capacity of cells surface-displayed Lpp-OmpA-PbrR in different concentrations of lead solution. The assay was performed in 25 mmol/L HEPES pH 7.0 containing 50 or 300 μmol/L lead acetate at 25 °C for just 1 h. (C) Effect of pH value on lead ion adsorption by cells surface-displayed Lpp-OmpA-PbrR. The assay was performed in 25 mmol/L acetate pH 3.0 or 25 mmol/L HEPES pH 7.0 containing 150 μmol/L lead acetate at 25 °C for 1 h. (D) Selective adsorption of lead and other metal elements by cells surface-displayed Lpp-OmpA-PbrR. The assay was performed in 25 mmol/L HEPES pH 7.0 containing 50 μmol/L Pb²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ at 25 °C for 1 h. The data shown represent the mean values of three independently experiments. *A significant difference (t test, P < 0.001) between E. coli surface-displayed Lpp-OmpA-PbrR and E. coli surface-displayed Lpp-OmpA.