Table 1.

Combination effect of α-tocopherol and oseltamivir on influenza virus A (H3N2).

Group N	Treatment, daily doses	n	PI ± SE (%)	MST ± SE	Δ MST
Scheme A. α-tocopherol 120 mg/kg/day intraperitonealy, five days since virus inoculation.
1A	α-tocopherol 120 mg/kg/day	24	0.0	9.0 ± 0.6	−1.1
2A	oseltamivir 2.5 mg/kg	26	61.5 ± 11.4a	12.6 ± 0.2	+3.3
3A	oseltamivir 1.25 mg/kg	23	35.3 ± 2.5a	12.5 ± 0.6	+3.2
4A	oseltamivir 0.625 mg/kg	20	0.0	10.4	+1.1
5A	α-toc 120 mg/kg + osel 2.5 mg/kg	24	51.9 ± 0.1/52.8 ± 11.1a	12.2 ± 0.4	+2.1/2.9a
6A	α-toc 120 mg/kg + osel 1.25 mg/kg	23	53.2 ± 3.01/55.1 ± 9.3a	12.4 ± 1.2	+2.3/+3.1a
7A	α-toc 120 mg/kg + osel 0.625 mg/kg	22	76.0 ± 12.9/75.9 ± 10.5a	13.3 ± 0.4	+3.2/+4.0a
8A	placebo vegetable oil	36	0.0	10.1 ± 0.3	–
9A	placebo PBS	41	0.0	9.3 ± 0.9	–
Scheme B. α-tocopherol 120 mg/kg/day, intraperitonealy, five days before virus inoculation.
1A	α-tocopherol 120 mg/kg/day	22	3.9 ± 3.8	10.0 ± 1.1	+1.3
2A	oseltamivir 2.5 mg/kg	26	61.5 ± 11.4	12.6 ± 0.2	+3.3
3A	oseltamivir 1.25 mg/kg	23	35.3 ± 2.5	12.5 ± 0.6	+3.2
4A	oseltamivir 0.625 mg/kg	20	0.0a	10.4	+1.1
5A	α-toc 120 mg/kg + osel 2.5 mg/kg	24	70.3 ± 6.6/60.1 ± 0.5a	12.6 ± 0.1	+3.9/ + 3.3a
6A	α-toc 120 mg/kg + osel 1.25 mg/kg	26	23.1/0.0a	11.0	+2.3/+1.7a
7A	α-toc 120 mg/kg + osel 0.625 mg/kg	20	0.0/0.0a	11.2	+2.5/+1.9a
8A	placebo vegetable oil	33	0.0	8.7 ± 1.1	–
9A	placebo PBS	41	0.0	9.3 ± 0.9	–

Note: Data are expressed as mean value ± SE. Influenza virus (H3N2) inoculation dose: 10 MLD₅₀ intranasal. Albino mice ICR 12-14 g. Osletamivir (per os): five days treatment course since virus inoculation. PI% = [(PC − 1)/PC] × 100, where PC = lethality in placebo (%)/lethality in treated group (%).

^aPresented a significant statistical level of P < 0.01 vs group placebo PBS.