TABLE 3.

Rate of Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ Activities per Hour

	AICU	CICU	NICU	PICU	Total	η²	Cohen’s d
Total direct patient care	73.31	88.08	59.63	41.70	65.79	.269	1.213
Physical care of patient	18.98	17.12	18.32	13.74	17.02	.103	0.678
Use of monitors or devices	22.99	32.05	17.30	8.99	20.38	.314	1.353
Conversation with patient	4.01	6.54	0.72	2.52	3.50	.302	1.316
Order management including medications	5.08	4.54	5.80	4.74	5.03	.007	0.168
Clinical review and documentation	22.26	27.83	17.48	11.72	19.86	.193	0.978
Total care coordination	24.19	25.79	16.02	22.67	22.28	.097	0.655
Conversation with physician	4.05	5.15	1.73	3.21	3.57	.122	0.746
Conversation with nurse	12.81	13.80	9.17	12.72	12.18	.031	0.358
Conversation with other ICU staff	2.00	2.31	1.47	1.99	1.95	.043	0.424
Conversation attendance	2.39	1.29	2.34	1.75	1.93	.009	0.191
Conversation with patient’s family	2.93	3.23	1.31	3.01	2.64	.073	0.561
Total indirect patient care	3.07	3.99	1.25	0.60	2.24	.259	1.182
Conversation with other non-ICU staff	2.50	3.51	0.73	0.39	1.80	.131	0.776
Administrative review and documentation	0.57	0.48	0.52	0.21	0.44	.106	0.689
Total nonpatient care	42.45	40.65	32.06	25.13	35.13	.078	0.582
Conversation with nonclinical staff	2.12	2.59	2.00	2.11	2.21	.026	0.327
Nonclinical manual tasks	11.30	13.21	12.89	7.30	11.14	.111	0.707
In-between tasks	26.99	23.22	16.46	14.49	20.36	.052	0.468
Education and learning	0.14	0.00	0.19	0.12	0.11	.069	0.544
Other tasks	1.90	1.63	0.51	1.11	1.30	.165	0.889
Rate of occurrences, all tasks	143.02	158.51	108.96	90.10	125.44	.031	0.358

Note. Eta-square estimates the proportion of the variability explained by unit (Trusty et al., 2004). Cohen’s d is also provided for use in meta-analyses. ICU = intensive care unit; AICU = adult intensive care unit; CICU = cardiac intensive care unit; NICU = neonatal intensive care unit; PICU = pediatric intensive care unit.