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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 9.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Min Sci Technol. 2018 Jan;28(1):43–51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2017.12.013

Table 1.

Summary of rock strength properties, loosely correlated top-down to Fig. 3.

Rock type UCS (MPa) Elastic modulus (GPa) Poisson’s ratio Internal friction angle (°) Residual friction angle (°)
Dark gray shale 85.3 16.7 0.15 24.00 56.0
Black shale 22.7
Shaley sandstone 144.0 40.8 0.25 19.20 40.5
Gray clay shale 80.8 15.5 0.26 34.4
Limestone 265.0 78.6 0.30 33.10
Claystone with calcareous nodules 103.6 22.3 0.14 18.10 42.4
Clay shale 43.8 14.1 0.22 31.00 39.3
Gray silty shale 58.5 10.8 0.21 26.40 35.2
Coalbed being mined N/A
Dark-gray shale with coal streaks 59.0 9.4 0.28 7.65 54.7
Dark-gray shale with sandstone streaks 60.7 16.0 0.14 14.30 41.4