Table 1.

Clinical features and immunohistological staining characteristics for 26 reported cases of primary ductal adenocarcinoma

Literature	Age	Sex	Symptoms	Site	Maximum diameter (cm)	Immunostain (+)	Immunostain (−)
Our case 1	64	Male	Orbital mass and proptosis for 3 months	Left	3.9	AR, CK7, GCDFP-15	CK20, TTF-1, PSA, S-100
Our case 2	64	Male	Proptosis and diplopia for 3 weeks	Right	5	AR, CK7, EGFR	CK20, TTF-1
Andreasen et al. 2017[9]	77	Male	Diplopia for 2 weeks	Left	3.2	AR, CK7, CK17, CK19, Cyclin D1, EGFR, EMA, GCDFP-15, Her-2, p53, Ki-67	CEA, CK5/6, DOG1, ER, PR, PSA, S-100, α-SMA
	53	Male	Proptosis of the left eye for 5 years	Left	2	CK5, CK6, CK7, CK19, Cyclin D1, EGFR, EMA, Her-2, p53, AR, CEA, CK17, GCDFP-15, Ki67	DOG1, ER, PR, PSA, S-100, α-SMA
	73	Male	Proptosis for 5 years	Right	4	CK7, CK19, EGFR, EMA, Her-2, p53, CEA, CK17, Cyclin D1, GCDFP-15, Ki-67	AR, CK5/6, DOG1, ER, PR, PSA, S-100, α-SMA
Dennie, 2015[7]	53	Female	Headache, blurred vision, and proptosis	Right	3	Keratin, CK7, mammaglobin	CK20, TTF-1, GCDFP-15, ER, PR
Lau et al. 2015[8]	34	Female	Right upper eyelid swelling for 1 year	Right	2.8	EMA, CD117, PAS	S-100, CK20, Melan A
Zhu et al. 2015[3]	49	Female	Painless, palpable mass, double vision, and epiphora for 6 months	Left	1.1	GCDFP-15, AR, Her-2, p53, Ki-67, CK18	ER, PR, P63, calponin, CD117
Ricci et al. 2014[5]	71	Male	Lumbar pain for 3 years and slight exophthalmos for several years	Right	2.3	AR, GCDFP-15, CK7, Her-2	TTF-1, PSA, ER, PR, CK20, CDX2
Min et al. 2014[6]	46	Male	Exophthalmos and blurred vision for 2 months	Left	3	CK5, CK7, CK20	S-100, TTF-1, PSA
Kubota et al. 2013[11]	75	Male	Upper eyelid swelling for 3 months	Right	2.8	AR, Her-2, p53, Ki-67	ER, PR
	67	Male	Upper eyelid swelling and ptosis for 6 months	Left	4	AR, p53, Ki-67	Her-2, ER, PR
	53	Male	Upper eyelid swelling and ptosis for 18 months	Right	3.7	AR, p53, Ki-67	Her-2, ER, PR
	39	Male	Upper eyelid swelling for 6 months	Left	2.5	AR, Her-2, p53, Ki-67	ER, PR
	46	Female	Upper eyelid swelling for 1 months	Right	2.5	AR, Her-2, p53, Ki-67	ER, PR
Damasceno and Holbach, 2012[12]	78	Male	Diplopia, painless, palpable mass, and restricted abduction	Right	2.4	CK7, MMP2, MMP9, MMP13, Her-2	CK5, CK20, p63, PSA, S100, TTF1
Giliberti et al. 2011[10]	17	Male	Right orbital mass for 6 months	Right	NA	NA	NA
Ishida et al. 2009[13]	70	Female	Painful exophthalmos	Left	2.5	GCDFP15, Ki-67	AR, Her-2, ER, PR
Lee and Oh, 2009[14]	50	Male	Exophthalmos	Right	4	CK7, CK19, EMA	Her-2, ER, PR, CK20, p53, S-100, α-SMA
Kim et al. 2008[15]	47	Male	Left lacrimal gland mass	Left	NA	NA	NA
Takahira et al. 2007[4]	48	Female	Progressive exophthalmos for 3 years	Left	3.8	AR, GCDFP-15	ER, PR
Milman et al. 2005[16]	59	Male	Orbital mass and blepharoptosis 15 years	Right	1.5	GCDFP-15, keratin AE1, CK7, CEA, EMA, CK20	TTF-1, PSA, Her-2, ER, p53, S-100
Kurisu et al. 2005[17]	67	Male	Visual disturbance	Right	3	CK7, CK10, CK17, CK18, CK19	S-100, α-SMA, CK20
Krishnakumar et al. 2003[18]	46	Male	Firm irregular mass with progressive ptosis in the orbit 2 years	Left	NA	NA	NA
Paulino and Huvos, 1999[19]	52	Female	NA	Right	NA	NA	NA
Nasu et al. 1998[20]	67	Male	Small nodule in the upper eyelid	Right	2.5	EMA, CK, CEA, S-100	Actin, ER, PSA
Katz et al. 1996[2]	68	Male	Lump in the upper outer eyelid	Right	4	Keratin	HMB-45, NSE, S-100, chromogranin, CEA, PSA

AR=Androgen receptor, CDX2=Caudal-type homeobox 2, CEA=Carcinoembryonic antigen, CK=Cytokeratin, EGFR=Epidermal growth factor receptor, EMA=Epithelial membrane antigen, ER=Estrogen receptor, GCDFP-15=Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, Her-2=Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, MMPs=Matrix metalloproteinases, NA=Not available, NSE=Neuronspecific enolase, PAS=Periodic acid–Schiff, PR=Progesterone receptor, PSA=Prostate-specific antigen, SMA=Smooth muscle actin, TTF-1=Thyroid transcription factor-1