Table 2.

Emotional states before and after simulation

	Before simulation	After simulation	P	Cohen’s d
Tense/calm	−0.08±1.17	−0.10±1.0	0.88	−0.02
Nervous/relaxed	−0.28±1.15	0.14±1.0	0.002	0.39
Stressed/serene	−0.09±0.99	−0.01±1.01	0.54	0.08
Upset/contended	0.59±0.98	0.57±0.84	0.82	−0.03
Sad/happy	0.78±0.84	0.70±0.81	0.39	−0.10
Depressed/elated	0.53±0.75	0.51±0.72	0.87	−0.02
Lethargic/excited	0.25±0.89	0.55±0.92	0.003	0.35
Bored/alert	0.85±0.87	1.28±0.73	<0.00001	0.54