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. 2017 Nov 2;67(5):918–930. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314458

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Blood MAIT cells in ALD display a hyperactivated phenotype. (A) CD69/HLA-DR hyperexpression by ALD blood MAIT cells compared with controls (n=9 for all groups). (B) ALD plasma (ARC plasma: n=5; SAH plasma: n=5) can increase CD69/HLA-DR expression in healthy PBMC compared with control plasma. (C) MAIT cell activation status is not induced by in vitro ethanol treatment of healthy PBMC. (D) Gal1 expression is increased in SAH liver tissue (control: n=7; SAH: n=15), public microarray dataset analysis. (E) Immunoinhibitory checkpoints are not upregulated on hyperactivated blood MAIT cells in ALD (n=9 for all groups). (F) Comparable levels of cell proliferation/senescence markers (Ki67/CD57) between groups (n=5 for all groups). ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; ARC, alcohol-related cirrhosis; Gal1, Galectin 1; MAIT, mucosa-associated invariant T cells; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SAH, severe alcoholic hepatitis.