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. 2017 Nov 2;67(5):918–930. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314458

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Contact between healthy PBMC and faecal extracts of bacterial antigens, toxins and metabolites (FEB) from ALD patients and controls causes quantitative and functional impairments of MAIT. (A) FEB-induced MAIT cell depletion. Apoptosis rates are not different between the groups, illustrating that FEB-induced MAIT cell depletion is apoptosis independent. Control stools: n=12; ARC stools: n=20; SAH stools: n=7. The bar plot represents mean±SD. The black bars represent % of apoptotic VybrantFAM(+) MAIT cells; the white/shaded bars represent MAIT cell frequencies; both quantities are measured on the total CD8 T cell population, as described in ‘Materials and Methods’. (B) FEB-induced hyperactivated state on MAIT, CD69/HLA-DR. (C) FEB-induced immunoinhibitory checkpoint upregulation, PD1/TIM3/LAG3. FEB-induced suppression of MAIT cell antibacterial cytokine (D) and cytotoxic (E) responses; zebra bars represent Escherichia coli-stimulated results. In panels B–E, control stools: n=8; ARC stools: n=18; SAH stools: n=5. ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; ARC, alcohol-related cirrhosis; MAIT, mucosa-associated invariant T cells; PMBC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SAH, severe alcoholic hepatitis.