Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients
| Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma | Liver biopsies | Colon biopsies | Stools | |||||||||
| HC | ARC | SAH | Long-term excess alcohol users | ARC | HC | ARC | HC | ARC | SAH | |||
| n=13 | n=9 | n=13 | p Value | n=35 | n=5 | n=10 | n=11 | n=12 | n=20 | n=7 | p Value | |
| Sex (n) – M/F/? (TOT) | 3/6/4 (13) | 4/5/0 (9) | 8/5/0 (13) | ns | 28/7/0 (35) | 5/0/0 (5) | 9/1/0 (10) | 6/5/0 (11) | 7/5 (12) | 12 / 8 (20) | 4/3 (7) | |
| Age | 37.22±1.91 | 49.00±2.98 | 51.69±2.27 | ns | 47.18±1.67 | 55.60±1.91 | 52.20±2.45 | 57.18±1.73 | 37.00±3.45 | 54.84 ± 2.31 | 40.14±3.74 | 0.003 |
| Child-Pugh Score (value) | – | 6.33±0.65 | 11.08±0.58 | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | 8.78 ± 0.45 | 12.40±0.24 | <0.001 |
| Child-Pugh Score (n) – A/B/C (TOT) | – | 6/2/1 (9) | 0/3/10 (13) | 0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Maddrey’s discriminant function | – | – | 47.90±4.91 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MELD Score | – | 8.33±0.80 | 25.46±1.93 | <0.001 | – | 17.80±2.06 | – | 12.73±1.28 | – | 12.06 ± 1.41 | 30.60±3.19 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | – | 55.56±5.07 | 91.77±20.44 | ns | – | 100.00±16.21 | – | – | – | 82.00 ± 12.27 | 85.86±7.73 | ns |
| ALT (IU/L) | – | 75.44±28.74 | 50.77±5.24 | ns | 38.54±5.25 | – | – | – | – | 31.33 ± 4.01 | 100.60±53.59 | ns |
| AST (IU/L) | – | 125.43±26.51 | 132.00±33.62 | ns | 75.17±7.87 | – | – | – | – | 69.05 ± 14.40 | 184.71±63.55 | ns |
| Albumin (g/dL) | – | 35.00±2.43 | 27.62±1.27 | 0.008 | 40.91±1.12 | 30.60±2.42 | – | – | – | 32.79 ± 1.51 | 24.00±0.98 | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin (mmol/L) | – | 25.89±7.32 | 277.38±53.42 | <0.001 | 9.04±1.18 | 67.80±19.71 | – | – | – | 63.89 ± 14.32 | 355.86±38.12 | <0.001 |
| ALP (IU/L) | – | 298.67±166.78 | 219.85±31.19 | ns | 109.89±9.64 | 199.20±50.87 | – | – | – | 226.47 ± 45.83 | 207.71±40.71 | ns |
| GGT (IU/L) | – | 475.13±181.58 | 429.50±198.05 | ns | 525.43±125.45 | – | – | – | – | 320.47 ± 143.97 | 405.43±138.27 | ns |
| INR | – | 1.06±0.06 | 1.58±0.05 | <0.001 | – | 1.80±0.20 | – | – | – | 1.46 ± 0.08 | 2.25±0.21 | 0.008 |
| (baseline) | ||||||||||||
| White cell count (x109/L) | – | 6.84±0.89 | 12.03±1.38 | 0.005 | 6.80±0.32 | 4.54±0.61 | – | – | – | 7.83 ± 1.05 | 13.62±3.37 | ns |
| Neutrophil count (x109/L) | – | 4.31±0.66 | 8.67±1.16 | 0.004 | 4.07±0.24 | 2.74±0.44 | – | – | – | 5.55 ± 0.97 | 11.18±3.37 | ns |
| Lymphocyte count (x109/L) | – | 1.59±0.20 | 1.88±0.25 | ns | 1.64±0.13 | 0.96±0.14 | – | – | – | 1.56 ± 0.17 | 1.24±0.23 | ns |
| Monocyte count (x109/L) | – | 0.79±0.12 | 1.23±0.17 | ns | 0.73±0.06 | 0.62±0.15 | – | – | – | 0.53 ± 0.07 | 0.92±0.24 | ns |
| Ascites (n) – y/n (TOT) | – | 2/7 (9) | 6/7 (13) | ns | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Death (n) 6 months – y/n (TOT) | – | 0/9 (9) | 4/9 (13) | ns | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Infection (n) 12 months – y/n (TOT) | – | 2/7 (9) | 5/6 (11) | ns | – | – | – | – | – | 0 / 0 (0) | 0/0 (0) | – |
| Antibiotics (n) – y/n (TOT) | 0/0 (0) | 3/6 (9) | 6/5 (11) | ns | – | – | – | – | 0/0 (0) | 10 / 10 (20) | 6/1 (7) | – |
All values provided as mean±SEM.
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; ARC, alcohol-related cirrhosis; AST, aspartate transaminase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HC, healthy control; INR, international normalised ratio; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; SAH, severe alcoholic hepatitis; TOT, total number.