Table 1.
Overview of ERF Mutant Lines with Shoot Growth Phenotypesa
| Gene name | Origin | Studied plant | Shoot/leaf size | Downstream of ethylene? | EIN3 target [28] | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOL/DRN-like | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | GOF: reduced ACC sensitivity | N | 22, 61 |
| BOL/DRN-like | A. thaliana | N. tabacum | GOF: reduced | NT | N | [22] |
| CaPF1 | Capsicum annuum | Pinus virginiana | GOF: increased | Induced by ethephon | NA | [46] |
| CRF6 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: increased | Induced by ACC and ethylene | N | [62] |
| CRF8/ERF070 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | N | [63] |
| DRN/ESR1 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | N | [61] |
| EBE | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | N | [64] |
| ERF-1 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ACC and ethylene | Y | [65] |
| ERF2 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | LOF: reduced | Induced by ACC and ethylene | Y | [33] |
| ERF11 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ACC and ethylene | Y | 33, 37 |
| ERF14 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | LOF: reduced ethylene signaling | N | [66] |
| ERF15 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | Y | [67] |
| ERF4 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ACC | N | [68] |
| ERF6 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ACC and ethylene | N | 23, 33 |
| ERF73/HRE1 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | RNAi: reduced | Induced by ACC | N | [69] |
| ERF8 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced LOF: increased |
Induced by ACC and ethylene | Y | 5, 33, 68 |
| ERF9 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ACC and ethylene | N | [33] |
| ERF98 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ACC and ethylene | N | [33] |
| HhERF2 and PeDREB2a | Hamilodendron halodendron and Populus euphratica | Gossypium hirsutum L. | Double GOF: reduced | NT | NA | [70] |
| HYR | Oryza sativa | Oryza sativa | GOF: increased | NT | NA | [47] |
| JcERF011 | Jatropha curcas L. | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | NA | [71] |
| LEP | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | Y | [72] |
| NtERF3 | N. tabacum | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | NA | [68] |
| ORA59/ERF59 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced GOF: increased |
Induced by ethylene | N | 33, 73 |
| OsEATB | Oryza sativa | Oryza sativa | GOF: reduced | Repressed by ethephon | NA | [34] |
| OsERF1 | Oryza sativa | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ethrel | NA | [74] |
| OsERF48 | Oryza sativa | Oryza sativa | GOF: reduced | NT | NA | [75] |
| pti4 | Lycopersicon esculentum | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ethylene | NA | [76] |
| PvERF001 | Panicum virgatum | Panicum virgatum | GOF: increased | NT | NA | [48] |
| RAP2.12 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | N | [77] |
| RAP2.6 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ACC and ethylene | Y | [78] |
| RRTF1 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | Induced by ACC | N | [79] |
| SHN1/WIN1 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | N | [80] |
| SlERF5 | Solanum lycopersicum | Solanum lycopersicum | GOF: reduced | Induced by ACC | NA | [81] |
| SUB1A | Oryza sativa | Oryza sativa | GOF: reduced | Induced by ethylene | NA | [82] |
| TERF1 | Solanum lycopersicum | N. tabacum | GOF: reduced | Induced by ethylene | NA | [83] |
| WXP2 | Medicago truncatula | A. thaliana | GOF: reduced | NT | NA | [84] |
a
Abbreviations: BOL, BOLITA; CRF, cytokinin response factor; DRN, DORNRÖSCHEN; EATB, ERF protein associated with tillering and panicle branching; EBE, ERF BUD ENHANCER; ERF, ethylene response factor; ESR1, ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 1; GOF, gain of function; HRE1, hypoxia responsive ERF 1; LEP, LEAFY PETIOLE; LOF, loss-of-function; NA, not applicable; NT, not tested; ORA59, octadecanoid-responsive AP2/ERF; RAP, RELATED TO APETALA; RRTF1, REDOX RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1; SUB1A, SUBMERGENCE 1A; WIN/SHN1, WAX INDUCER 1/SHINE 1; WXP, WAX PRODUCTION.